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19_ABAP_for_Cloud_Development.md
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ It provides references to more detailed information on the topic.
- ABAP Cloud
- Progamming paradigm for state-of-the-art, cloud-ready and upgrade-stable solutions
- Based on a usage type of the [ABAP Platform](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_platform_glosry.htm), where the following restrictions apply:
- ABAP technology (the entire technology provided for and by an ABAP system for developing and executing ABAP-based applications) is used with the following restrictions:
- [ABAP language version](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_version_glosry.htm):
- The available ABAP language version is [ABAP for Cloud Development](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_for_cloud_dev_glosry.htm) that presents a [restricted ABAP language version](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenrestricted_version_glosry.htm).
- [Released APIs](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenreleased_api_glosry.htm):
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ It provides references to more detailed information on the topic.
- [ABAP development tools for Eclipse (ADT)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenadt_glosry.htm) are the only supported tools
- There is no access to SAP GUI (transactions `SE80`, `SE24` etc. you may know from classic ABAP)
- The [ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenarap_glosry.htm) is the transactional programming model for ABAP Cloud.
- Supported in both [SAP BTP ABAP Environment](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensap_btp_abap_env_glosry.htm) and [ABAP Platform Cloud](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_platform_cloud_glosry.htm).
- Supported in all SAP products that are based on ABAP technology (in the products it can be fully or partly mandatory).
- Classic ABAP
- Progamming paradigm for legacy solutions
- Based on an ABAP Platform without restrictions regarding ABAP language versions (i.e. you can use [Standard ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_abap_glosry.htm) - the unrestricted ABAP language version - and also ABAP for Cloud Development there), usage of tools (ADT and/or SAP GUI) or access to repository objects (also objects provided by SAP).
- Based on the ABAP technology without restrictions regarding ABAP language versions (i.e. you can use [Standard ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_abap_glosry.htm) - the unrestricted ABAP language version - and also ABAP for Cloud Development there), usage of tools (ADT and/or SAP GUI) or access to repository objects (also objects provided by SAP).
- Supported in [SAP S/4HANA](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensap_s4hana_glosry.htm)
@@ -53,21 +53,22 @@ It provides references to more detailed information on the topic.
![Release contract](./files/release_contract.png)
For deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development, see the following code.
For example, create a demo class and insert the code contained in the implementation into the `if_oo_adt_classrun~main` method. You will see several syntax errors.
> **💡 Note**<br>
> - The `IF_OO_ADT_CLASSRUN` interface is a released API. As the name implies, you can implement this interface to run an ABAP class. In ADT you can do this with *F9*. Of course, the example below will not run. The class cannot be activated because of the syntax errors. Note: To output the content of data objects, you can use `out->write( ... ).` in the `main` method.
> - About the errros/warnings:
> - The first two ABAP SQL statements select from demo database tables. The first is a demo table provided by SAP. This table is not directly accessible in ABAP Cloud (unlike in classic ABAP) and therefore cannot be used as a data source to select from. The second one is a database table from the ABAP cheat sheet GitHub repository. If you have imported the repository into the system, you can use it as a data source.
> - The next set of ABAP SQL statements are dynamic statements. This is just to emphasize that you should be careful with dynamic statements. You will not get a syntax error at compile time. You can try out the following: Comment out all code except the lines with the dynamic statements, activate the code and run the class with `F9`. The result is a [runtime error](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenruntime_error_glosry.htm) because you cannot select from the data source.
> - Examples for deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development are included. Among them, the invalid statement `MOVE ... TO` and others which are just included for demonstration purposes. To set breakpoints in ADT, double-click the area to the left of the code line number.
For deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development, refer to the following example code. You can create a demo class and insert the code below (adjust the class name if necessary). Several syntax errors and warnings will be displayed:
- ABAP SQL statements
- The first two ABAP SQL statements select from demo database tables. The first one is a demo table provided by SAP, but it cannot be accessed directly in ABAP Cloud like in classic ABAP. Therefore, it cannot be used as a data source for selection.
- The second one is a database table from the ABAP cheat sheet GitHub repository. If you have imported the repository into the system, you can use it as a data source.
- The CDS view is released and can be accessed in the restricted ABAP language scope.
- Although the source code provides an invalid data source, the dynamic ABAP SQL statement does not produce a syntax error during compilation. However, it would result in a runtime error because you cannot select from that data source. You can check the validity of dynamic specifications using the `cl_abap_dyn_prg` class, which supports dynamic programming.
- The addition `USING CLIENT` for client handling is not allowed in the restricted ABAP language scope.
- When using APIs and types like `string_table`, ensure that they are released. The `IF_OO_ADT_CLASSRUN` interface is released, and you can implement it to run an ABAP class. In ADT, you can do this by choosing *F9*. However, the example class will not run because the class cannot be activated due to the syntax errors. To output the content of data objects, you can use `out->write( ... )` in the `main` method.
- The example includes a selection of deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development. It includes the invalid statement `MOVE ... TO` and others that are included for demonstration purposes (some alternatives are provided). Certain system fields should not be accessed. The pointless `WRITE` statement within the method implementation represents invalid classic ABAP UI-related statements. Executable programs (*reports*) are not allowed in the restricted ABAP language scope. To set breakpoints in ADT, double-click the area to the left of the code line number.
```abap
CLASS zcl_some_class DEFINITION
PUBLIC
FINAL
CREATE PUBLIC .
PUBLIC
FINAL
CREATE PUBLIC .
PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.
@@ -75,49 +76,53 @@ It provides references to more detailed information on the topic.
CLASS zcl_some_class IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
"ABAP SQL statements using database tables as data sources
"Data source that cannot be accessed in ABAP Cloud
"ABAP SQL statements
"Using database tables and CDS views as data sources
SELECT carrid, connid FROM spfli WHERE carrid = 'LH' INTO TABLE @DATA(it1).
"Data source that can be accessed in ABAP Cloud if you have imported
"the ABAP cheat sheet repository objects
SELECT carrid, connid FROM zdemo_abap_fli WHERE carrid = 'LH' INTO TABLE @DATA(it2).
SELECT SINGLE * FROM i_timezone WHERE TimeZoneID = 'EST' INTO @DATA(tz_info).
"Dynamic ABAP SQL statements
"No syntax error will be displayed for the dynamic statements.
"However, a runtime error will occur when running the class (in ABAP Cloud).
"Note: Check out the CL_ABAP_DYN_PRG class, which supports dynamic programming
"by checking the validity of dynamic specifications.
SELECT SINGLE carrid, connid FROM ('SPFLI') WHERE carrid = 'LH' INTO NEW @DATA(ref_a).
"No runtime error if you have imported the ABAP cheat sheet repository objects.
SELECT SINGLE carrid, connid FROM ('ZDEMO_ABAP_FLI') WHERE carrid = 'LH' INTO NEW @DATA(ref_b).
"ABAP SQL Statement involving client handling
DATA(clnt) = sy-mandt.
SELECT carrid, connid FROM zdemo_abap_fli USING CLIENT @clnt WHERE carrid = 'LH' INTO TABLE @DATA(it3).
"Examples for deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development
"(Not) released APIs
"Getting a random integer
DATA(random_num) = cl_abap_random_int=>create( seed = cl_abap_random=>seed( )
min = 1
max = 100 )->get_next( ).
"Possible alternatives to the system fields used below
DATA(sys_date) = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ).
DATA(sys_time) = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_time( ).
"Querying whether the current database supports AMDP methods
DATA(amdp_allowed) = xsdbool( cl_abap_dbfeatures=>use_features(
EXPORTING requested_features = VALUE #( ( cl_abap_dbfeatures=>call_amdp_method ) ) ) ).
"Examples for deprecated and invalid syntax in ABAP for Cloud Development
DATA(num1) = 1.
DATA(num2) = 1.
DATA(num3) = 2.
"Invalid statement
MOVE num3 TO num1.
"Alternative that can be used
num2 = num3.
num2 = num3.
"Note: This table type is released.
DATA(it3) = VALUE string_table( ( `a` ) ( `b` ) ( `c` ) ).
"Invalid statement
DESCRIBE TABLE it3 LINES DATA(num_lines1).
"Alternative that can be used
DATA(num_lines2) = lines( it3 ).
DATA(it4) = VALUE string_table( ( `a` ) ( `b` ) ( `c` ) ).
DESCRIBE TABLE it4 LINES DATA(num_lines1).
DATA(num_lines2) = lines( it4 ).
DATA: ref1 TYPE REF TO i,
ref2 TYPE REF TO i.
"Deprecated statement
GET REFERENCE OF num1 INTO ref1.
"Alternative that can be used
ref2 = REF #( num1 ).
ref2 TYPE REF TO i.
DATA str_itab TYPE string_table.
"The following statements are invalid. The pointless WRITE statement here
"just represents invalid classic ABAP UI-related statements.
GET REFERENCE OF num1 INTO ref1.
ref2 = REF #( num1 ).
DATA(current_time) = sy-uzeit.
DATA(current_date) = sy-datum.
DATA str_itab TYPE string_table.
READ REPORT 'ZCL_DEMO_ABAP_UNIT_TEST=======CCAU' INTO str_itab.
WRITE 'hi'.
BREAK-POINT.
@@ -164,6 +169,7 @@ It provides references to more detailed information on the topic.
- [Steampunk is going all-in](https://blogs.sap.com/2021/09/30/steampunk-is-going-all-in/)
- [Embedded Steampunk – Some more details for ABAP developers](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/09/05/embedded-steampunk-some-more-details-for-abap-developers/)
- Documentation
- [ABAP Cloud: Background Concepts and Overview](https://help.sap.com/docs/abap-cloud/abap-cloud/why-abap-cloud)
- [ABAP Cloud - Technical Use Cases and Recommended Technologies](https://www.sap.com/documents/2023/05/74fc05e6-747e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html)
- [SAP Business Technology Platform](https://help.sap.com/docs/btp/sap-business-technology-platform/sap-business-technology-platform?version=Cloud) on the SAP Help Portal
- Section [Released Components and Objects](https://help.sap.com/docs/btp/sap-business-technology-platform/released-components-and-objects?version=Cloud) including the topic [XCO Library](https://help.sap.com/docs/btp/sap-business-technology-platform/xco-library?version=Cloud)