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101
07_String_Processing.md
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@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
- [Formatting Options in String Templates](#formatting-options-in-string-templates) - [Formatting Options in String Templates](#formatting-options-in-string-templates)
- [Determining the Length of Strings](#determining-the-length-of-strings) - [Determining the Length of Strings](#determining-the-length-of-strings)
- [Concatenating Strings](#concatenating-strings) - [Concatenating Strings](#concatenating-strings)
- [Literal Operator](#literal-operator)
- [Splitting Strings](#splitting-strings) - [Splitting Strings](#splitting-strings)
- [Modifying Strings](#modifying-strings) - [Modifying Strings](#modifying-strings)
- [Transforming to Lowercase and Uppercase](#transforming-to-lowercase-and-uppercase) - [Transforming to Lowercase and Uppercase](#transforming-to-lowercase-and-uppercase)
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
- [Comparison Operators for Character-Like Data Types in a Nutshell](#comparison-operators-for-character-like-data-types-in-a-nutshell) - [Comparison Operators for Character-Like Data Types in a Nutshell](#comparison-operators-for-character-like-data-types-in-a-nutshell)
- [Classes for String Processing](#classes-for-string-processing) - [Classes for String Processing](#classes-for-string-processing)
- [Byte String Processing](#byte-string-processing) - [Byte String Processing](#byte-string-processing)
- [Determining the Length of Xstrings](#determining-the-length-of-xstrings)
- [Character String and Byte String Processing with ABAP Statements](#character-string-and-byte-string-processing-with-abap-statements) - [Character String and Byte String Processing with ABAP Statements](#character-string-and-byte-string-processing-with-abap-statements)
- [SET BIT and GET BIT Statements](#set-bit-and-get-bit-statements) - [SET BIT and GET BIT Statements](#set-bit-and-get-bit-statements)
- [Executable Example](#executable-example) - [Executable Example](#executable-example)
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ DATA char_no_type_len.
## Assigning Values ## Assigning Values
- When you declare character-like data objects, you can specify start values directly with the `VALUE` addition, e.g. `DATA chars TYPE c LENGTH 3 VALUE 'abc'.`. - When you declare character-like data objects, you can specify start values directly with the `VALUE` addition, e.g. `DATA chars TYPE c LENGTH 3 VALUE 'abc'.`.
- You can do value assignments to data objects using the the [assignment operator](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenassignment_operator_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry") `=`. - Various ABAP statements assign values. You can do value assignments to data objects using the [assignment operator](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenassignment_operator_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry") `=`.
- As mentioned above, you can declare character-like data objects inline using the operators `DATA` or `FINAL`. - As mentioned above, you can declare character-like data objects inline using the operators `DATA` or `FINAL`.
- You can use the operators at many [write positions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwrite_position_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"). - You can use the operators at many [write positions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwrite_position_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry").
- Unlike the `VALUE` addition of the declaration statements, inline declarations allow you to declare variables for the results of expressions or at other positions where character strings are returned. - Unlike the `VALUE` addition of the declaration statements, inline declarations allow you to declare variables for the results of expressions or at other positions where character strings are returned.
@@ -247,13 +249,6 @@ str5 = str3 && ` ` && str4 && `!`. "X 1-!
"of an integer value for str4 that is of type string. "of an integer value for str4 that is of type string.
``` ```
Note that there is also the [literal
operator](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenliteral_operator_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry")
`&` that joins [text string
literals](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abentext_string_literal_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"),
however, with [significant
differences](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenliteral_operator.htm)
to `&&`.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
@@ -559,6 +554,57 @@ s1 = concat_lines_of( table = itab sep = ` ` ). "With separator
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Literal Operator
The [literal operator](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenliteral_operator_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry") `&` combines [text string literals](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abentext_string_literal_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"), however, with [significant differences](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenliteral_operator.htm) to `&&`, which the code snippet demonstrates.
```abap
"Literal operator
"Used to combine character literals of the same type into a single character literal
DATA(abap) = 'AB' & 'AP'.
"Note an upper limit of 255 characters
"If you remove the comment, which results in a combined character literal
"of 256 characters, a syntax error is displayed.
DATA(c_limit_255) =
'##################################################' & "50 x #
'##################################################' &
'##################################################' &
'##################################################' &
'##################################################' &
'#####'
"& '#'
.
"Trailing blanks are respected
DATA(char_with_blanks) = 'AB' & 'AP' & ' '.
"Using RTTI to get type information, retrieving the output length of the combined literal
"15
DATA(output_length) = CAST cl_abap_elemdescr( cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data( char_with_blanks ) )->output_length.
DATA(ch1) = 'AB'.
DATA(ch2) = 'AP'.
"Not possible as the operands are not character literals but data objects
"DATA(combined_ch) = ch1 & ch2.
"Not to be confused with the concatenation operator && to concatenate
"character-like operands; at runtime, any number of character-like operands
"are possible
"The result in the example is of type string.
DATA(combined_ch_with_conc_op) = ch1 && ch2.
"Concatenation similar to the example above
"As the result is of type string using the concatenation operator, the
"trailing blanks are not respected.
DATA(char_with_blanks_conc_op) = 'AB' && 'AP' && ' '.
"4
DATA(len1) = strlen( char_with_blanks_conc_op ).
"4
DATA(len2) = numofchar( char_with_blanks_conc_op ).
```
## Splitting Strings ## Splitting Strings
- You can use - You can use
@@ -596,6 +642,27 @@ SPLIT s1 AT ',' INTO TABLE itab. "Strings are added to itab in individual lines
"String function segment returning the occurrence of a segment "String function segment returning the occurrence of a segment
"index parameter: number of segment "index parameter: number of segment
s2 = segment( val = s1 index = 2 sep = `,` ). "world s2 = segment( val = s1 index = 2 sep = `,` ). "world
"SPLIT statement specifying a colon after INTO
DATA(some_text) = `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit`.
SPLIT some_text AT ` ` INTO: DATA(str1) DATA(str2) DATA(str3) DATA(str4), TABLE DATA(tab).
"Result
"str1: Lorem
"str2: ipsum
"str3: dolor
"str4: sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit
"tab:
*Lorem
*ipsum
*dolor
*sit
*amet,
*consectetur
*adipiscing
*elit
``` ```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
@@ -1840,7 +1907,7 @@ REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF PCRE `(<p>)(.|\n)*?(<\/p>)` IN html_b WITH `$1Hi$3`.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
## More String Functions ## More String Functions
As also covered in the [Built-In Functions](24_Builtin_Functions.md), the following sections show more string functions available. As also covered in the [Built-In Functions](24_Builtin_Functions.md) cheat sheet, the following sections show more string functions available.
### Checking the Similarity of Strings ### Checking the Similarity of Strings
@@ -2248,6 +2315,22 @@ As also covered in the [Released ABAP Classes](22_Released_ABAP_Classes.md) chea
### Byte String Processing ### Byte String Processing
## Determining the Length of Xstrings
The built-in function [`xstrlen`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abendescriptive_functions_binary.htm) returns the number of bytes of a byte-like argument.
``` abap
DATA(hi) = `Hello world`.
"48656C6C6F20776F726C64
DATA(conv_xstring) = cl_abap_conv_codepage=>create_out( codepage = `UTF-8` )->convert( hi ).
"22
DATA(len_str) = strlen( CONV string( conv_xstring ) ).
"11
DATA(len_xstr) = xstrlen( conv_xstring ).
```
#### Character String and Byte String Processing with ABAP Statements #### Character String and Byte String Processing with ABAP Statements
- Several ABAP statements include the `IN CHARACTER MODE` and `IN BYTE MODE` additions. - Several ABAP statements include the `IN CHARACTER MODE` and `IN BYTE MODE` additions.

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08_EML_ABAP_for_RAP.md
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@@ -18,11 +18,21 @@
- [ABAP SQL Statements with BDEF Derived Types](#abap-sql-statements-with-bdef-derived-types) - [ABAP SQL Statements with BDEF Derived Types](#abap-sql-statements-with-bdef-derived-types)
- [ABAP EML Syntax](#abap-eml-syntax) - [ABAP EML Syntax](#abap-eml-syntax)
- [ABAP EML Syntax for Modifying Operations](#abap-eml-syntax-for-modifying-operations) - [ABAP EML Syntax for Modifying Operations](#abap-eml-syntax-for-modifying-operations)
- [Create Operation Using the Short Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements](#create-operation-using-the-short-form-of-abap-eml-modify-statements)
- [Create Operation Using the Long Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements](#create-operation-using-the-long-form-of-abap-eml-modify-statements)
- [Excursion: Specifying %control Component Values in the Short Form of VALUE Constructor Expressions](#excursion-specifying-control-component-values-in-the-short-form-of-value-constructor-expressions)
- [Combining Multiple Operations in One ABAP EML Request](#combining-multiple-operations-in-one-abap-eml-request)
- [Dynamic Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements](#dynamic-form-of-abap-eml-modify-statements)
- [Executing Actions](#executing-actions)
- [Creating Instances for the Root and Child Entity (Deep Create)](#creating-instances-for-the-root-and-child-entity-deep-create)
- [ABAP EML Syntax for Reading Operations](#abap-eml-syntax-for-reading-operations) - [ABAP EML Syntax for Reading Operations](#abap-eml-syntax-for-reading-operations)
- [Dynamic Forms of ABAP EML Statements](#dynamic-forms-of-abap-eml-statements) - [ABAP EML READ Statement](#abap-eml-read-statement)
- [Persisting to the Database](#persisting-to-the-database) - [Read-by-Association Operation](#read-by-association-operation)
- [Dynamic ABAP EML READ Statements](#dynamic-abap-eml-read-statements)
- [COMMIT ENTITIES Statements: Persisting to the Database](#commit-entities-statements-persisting-to-the-database)
- [GET PERMISSIONS: Retrieving Information about RAP BO Permissions](#get-permissions-retrieving-information-about-rap-bo-permissions)
- [Raising RAP Business Events](#raising-rap-business-events) - [Raising RAP Business Events](#raising-rap-business-events)
- [Additions to EML Statements in ABAP Behavior Pools](#additions-to-eml-statements-in-abap-behavior-pools) - [Additions to ABAP EML Statements in ABAP Behavior Pools](#additions-to-abap-eml-statements-in-abap-behavior-pools)
- [RAP Excursions](#rap-excursions) - [RAP Excursions](#rap-excursions)
- [Using Keys and Identifying RAP BO Instances in a Nutshell](#using-keys-and-identifying-rap-bo-instances-in-a-nutshell) - [Using Keys and Identifying RAP BO Instances in a Nutshell](#using-keys-and-identifying-rap-bo-instances-in-a-nutshell)
- [RAP Concepts](#rap-concepts) - [RAP Concepts](#rap-concepts)
@@ -1197,7 +1207,16 @@ of EML `MODIFY` statements.
> ... > ...
> ``` > ```
Create operation for creating new instances of a RAP BO entity: <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Create Operation Using the Short Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements
- The following code snippet demonstrates the creation of new instances of a RAP BO entity.
- The [short form](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPMODIFY_ENTITY_SHORT.html) of the `MODIFY` statement is used.
- Note that the statement has multiple (optional) additions.
- The statement uses the [`FIELDS ( ... ) WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm) addition. See more details in the documentation and below.
- The statements, as is also valid for the following sections, can also use data objects declared and created inline.
``` abap ``` abap
"Declaration of data objects using BDEF derived types "Declaration of data objects using BDEF derived types
@@ -1235,6 +1254,8 @@ MODIFY ENTITY root_ent
REPORTED reported_resp. "messages REPORTED reported_resp. "messages
``` ```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
> **💡 Note**<br> > **💡 Note**<br>
> - Addition [`FIELDS ( ... ) WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm): > - Addition [`FIELDS ( ... ) WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm):
This field selection option specifies which fields are to be This field selection option specifies which fields are to be
@@ -1262,7 +1283,14 @@ MODIFY ENTITY root_ent
>- `%cid` should be provided even if you are not interested in >- `%cid` should be provided even if you are not interested in
it and subsequent operations do not require the reference. it and subsequent operations do not require the reference.
Long form of an EML `MODIFY` statement: <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Create Operation Using the Long Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements
- The example demonstrates the long form of an ABAP EML `MODIFY` statement.
- The example statement uses the [`FROM`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm) addition instead of `FIELDS ( ... ) WITH`. See more details in the documentation and below.
-
``` abap ``` abap
MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent "full name of root entity MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent "full name of root entity
ENTITY root "root or child entity (alias name if available) ENTITY root "root or child entity (alias name if available)
@@ -1321,17 +1349,16 @@ MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent
for other EML statements. for other EML statements.
>- The [`SET FIELDS WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm#!ABAP_VARIANT_4@4@) addition is available as another field specification option. However, it has limitations that you should be aware of. It can cause syntax warnings. Check the documentation. It is recommended that you use `FIELDS ... WITH` and `FROM`. >- The [`SET FIELDS WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abapmodify_entity_entities_fields.htm#!ABAP_VARIANT_4@4@) addition is available as another field specification option. However, it has limitations that you should be aware of. It can cause syntax warnings. Check the documentation. It is recommended that you use `FIELDS ... WITH` and `FROM`.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
Excursion: Specifying `%control` component values in the short form of `VALUE` constructor expressions #### Excursion: Specifying %control Component Values in the Short Form of VALUE Constructor Expressions
- The following EML statement creates RAP BO instances. The BDEF derived type is created inline.
- With the `FROM` addition, the `%control` values must be specified explicitly.
- There is also a short form of `VALUE` constructor expressions. In this case, you can provide the corresponding values for all table lines outside of the inner parentheses, instead of individually specifying the values for each instance within the parentheses.
- The corresponding `%control` component value is then assigned for all of the following table lines.
```abap ```abap
"The following EML statement creates RAP BO instances. The BDEF derived
"type is created inline. With the FROM addition, the %control values
"must be specified explicitly. You can provide the corresponding values
"for all table lines using the short form, i.e. outside of the inner
"parentheses, instead of individually specifying the values for each
"instance within the parentheses. In this case, the corresponding %control
"component value is assigned for all of the following table lines.
MODIFY ENTITIES OF zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m MODIFY ENTITIES OF zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m
ENTITY root ENTITY root
CREATE FROM VALUE #( CREATE FROM VALUE #(
@@ -1357,22 +1384,21 @@ MODIFY ENTITIES OF zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m
REPORTED DATA(r). REPORTED DATA(r).
``` ```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Combining Multiple Operations in One ABAP EML Request
The following EML statement combines multiple operations in one EML request. It demonstrates the use of the BDEF derived type components `%cid` and `%cid_ref`.
- First, two instances are created by specifying `%cid`.
- An update operation in the same request only specifies a certain field within the parentheses of the `FIELDS ( ... ) WITH` addition which denotes that only this particular field should be updated.
- The other field values remain unchanged.
- The reference to the instance is made via `%cid_ref`.
- Consider an EML request in which no instance to refer to using `%cid_ref` exists, e. g. for an update operation. You can also make the reference using the unique key.
- A delete operation is available in the same request, too.
- `DELETE` can only be followed by the addition `FROM`.
- In contrast to other derived types, the derived type that is expected here (`TYPE TABLE FOR DELETE`) only has `%cid_ref` and the key as components.
The following EML statement combines multiple operations in one EML
request. It demonstrates the use of `%cid` and
`%cid_ref`. First, two instances are created by specifying
`%cid`. An update operation in the same request only specifies a
certain field within the parentheses of the `FIELDS ( ... )
WITH` addition which denotes that only this particular field
should be updated. The other field values remain unchanged. The
reference to the instance is made via `%cid_ref`. Consider an
EML request in which no instance to refer to using `%cid_ref`
exists, e. g. for an update operation. You can also make the reference
using the unique key. A delete operation is available in the same
request, too. `DELETE` can only be followed by the addition
`FROM`. In contrast to other derived types, the derived type
that is expected here (`TYPE TABLE FOR DELETE`) only has
`%cid_ref` and the key as components.
``` abap ``` abap
MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent
ENTITY root ENTITY root
@@ -1391,22 +1417,168 @@ MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent
... ...
``` ```
EML statement including the execution of an action: <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
``` abap
MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent #### Dynamic Form of ABAP EML MODIFY Statements
ENTITY root
EXECUTE some_action - The code snippet demonstrate the dynamic form `MODIFY ENTITIES OPERATIONS ...`.
FROM action_tab - Using the statement, you can execute multiple modify operations for multiple RAP BOs in a single statement.
RESULT DATA(action_result) "Assumption: The action is defined with a result parameter. - Find more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPMODIFY_ENTITIES_OPERATIONS_DYN.html).
...
```abap
DATA: op_tab TYPE abp_behv_changes_tab,
create_root_tab TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m,
update_root_tab TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m,
delete_root_tab TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m,
cba TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m\_child,
update_child_tab TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zdemo_abap_rap_ch_m,
delete_child_tab TYPE TABLE FOR DELETE zdemo_abap_rap_ch_m.
create_root_tab = VALUE #(
( %cid = 'cid1'
key_field = 5
%control-key_field = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field1 = 'a'
%control-field1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field2 = 'b'
%control-field2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on )
( %cid = 'cid2'
key_field = 6
%control-key_field = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field1 = 'd'
%control-field1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field2 = 'd'
%control-field2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on )
( %cid = 'cid3'
key_field = 7
%control-key_field = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field1 = 'e'
%control-field1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field2 = 'f'
%control-field2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) ).
update_root_tab = VALUE #(
( %cid_ref = 'cid2'
field1 = 'g'
%control-field1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field2 = 'h'
%control-field2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) ).
cba = VALUE #(
( %cid_ref = 'cid1'
%target = VALUE #( (
%cid = 'cid_cba1'
key_ch = 10
%control-key_ch = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch1 = 'i'
%control-field_ch1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch2 = 1
%control-field_ch2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
) ) )
( %cid_ref = 'cid2'
%target = VALUE #( (
%cid = 'cid_cba2'
key_ch = 20
%control-key_ch = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch1 = 'j'
%control-field_ch1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch2 = 2
%control-field_ch2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
) ) )
( %cid_ref = 'cid3'
%target = VALUE #( (
%cid = 'cid_cba3'
key_ch = 30
%control-key_ch = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch1 = 'k'
%control-field_ch1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch2 = 3
%control-field_ch2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
) ) ) ).
update_child_tab = VALUE #(
( key_field = 6
field_ch1 = 'l'
%control-field_ch1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
field_ch2 = 4
%control-field_ch2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) ).
delete_root_tab = VALUE #( ( key_field = 7 ) ).
delete_child_tab = VALUE #( ( key_field = 7 ) ).
op_tab = VALUE #(
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-create
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_RO_M'
instances = REF #( create_root_tab ) )
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-update
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_RO_M'
instances = REF #( update_root_tab ) )
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-delete
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_RO_M'
instances = REF #( delete_root_tab ) )
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-create_ba
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_RO_M'
sub_name = '_CHILD'
instances = REF #( cba ) )
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-update
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_CH_M'
instances = REF #( update_child_tab ) )
( op = if_abap_behv=>op-m-delete
entity_name = 'ZDEMO_ABAP_RAP_CH_M'
instances = REF #( delete_child_tab ) )
).
MODIFY ENTITIES OPERATIONS op_tab
MAPPED DATA(m)
FAILED DATA(f)
REPORTED DATA(r).
``` ```
The following code snippet shows a deep create. First, an instance is <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
created for the root entity. Then, in the same request, instances are
created for the child entity based on the root instance. In the example #### Executing Actions
below, the assumption is that a composition is specified in the root
view entity like `composition [1..*] of root_ent as _child` and `key_field` and - A RAP action is a [non-standard operation](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABENRAP_NSTANDARD_OPERATION_GLOSRY.html) that modifies the state of a RAP BO entity instance.
`key_field_child` are the keys of the child view entity. The structured component [`%target`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapderived_types_target.htm) enters the picture here which contains the target's primary key and data fields. - Various flavors of actions are available. Find more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABENBDL_ACTION.html).
- To execute actions, use the syntax `MODIFY ... EXECUTE ...`.
``` abap
"Example snippet taken from the executable example
"The long form of the MODIFY statement is used. It includes
"a create operation and executes an action
MODIFY ENTITIES OF zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m
ENTITY root
CREATE FIELDS ( key_field field1 field2 field3 field4 )
WITH VALUE #(
( %cid = 'cid_x2'
key_field = 7
field1 = 'ooo'
field2 = 'ppp'
field3 = 70
field4 = 71 ) )
EXECUTE multiply_by_2 FROM VALUE #(
"Executing action via %cid_ref
( %cid_ref = 'cid_x2' )
"Executing action via key
( key_field = 1 )
( key_field = 2 ) )
MAPPED DATA(mapped)
FAILED DATA(failed)
REPORTED DATA(reported).
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Creating Instances for the Root and Child Entity (Deep Create)
The following code snippet shows a deep create.
- First, an instance is created for the root entity.
- Then, in the same request, instances are created for the child entity based on the root instance.
- In the example below, the assumption is that a composition is specified in the root view entity like `composition [1..*] of root_ent as _child` and `key_field` and `key_field_child` are the keys of the child view entity.
- The structured component [`%target`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapderived_types_target.htm) enters the picture here which contains the target's primary key and data fields.
``` abap ``` abap
MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent
ENTITY root_ent ENTITY root_ent
@@ -1442,14 +1614,16 @@ MODIFY ENTITIES OF root_ent
entity listed in a BDEF, i. e. there is no extra definition in the entity listed in a BDEF, i. e. there is no extra definition in the
BDEF in contrast to, for example, create or update. BDEF in contrast to, for example, create or update.
The following code snippet shows the long form of the EML <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### ABAP EML READ Statement
- The following code snippet shows the long form of the EML
[`READ`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_op.htm) [`READ`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_op.htm)
statement for reading instances from the root entity. In `READ` statement for reading instances from the root entity.
statements, the additions `FIELDS ( ... ) WITH` and - In `READ` statements, the additions `FIELDS ( ... ) WITH` and `FROM` can also be used to specify the fields that you intend to
`FROM` can also be used to specify the fields that you intend to read. Here, the addition [`ALL FIELDS WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_fields.htm) is available for reading all field values.
read. Here, the addition [`ALL FIELDS - There are also short and dynamic forms of the statement.
WITH`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_fields.htm)
is available for reading all field values.
``` abap ``` abap
READ ENTITIES OF root_ent READ ENTITIES OF root_ent
@@ -1462,11 +1636,14 @@ READ ENTITIES OF root_ent
REPORTED DATA(r). REPORTED DATA(r).
``` ```
Read-by-association operations include the optional addition <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
[`LINK`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_op&sap-language=EN&sap-client=000&version=X&anchor=!ABAP_ONE_ADD@1@&tree=X)
with which you can retrieve the keys of the source and target (i. e. the #### Read-by-Association Operation
associated entity). The by-association operations work reciprocally, i.
e. you can, for example, read a child instance via the parent and a - Read-by-association operations include the optional addition
[`LINK`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entity_entities_op&sap-language=EN&sap-client=000&version=X&anchor=!ABAP_ONE_ADD@1@&tree=X) with which you can retrieve the keys of the source and target (i. e. the
associated entity).
- The by-association operations work reciprocally, i. e. you can, for example, read a child instance via the parent and a
parent instance via the child, too. parent instance via the child, too.
``` abap ``` abap
@@ -1490,7 +1667,7 @@ READ ENTITIES OF root_ent
``` ```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Dynamic Forms of ABAP EML Statements #### Dynamic ABAP EML READ Statements
In addition to the short and long forms described above, various ABAP EML statements also have dynamic forms. In addition to the short and long forms described above, various ABAP EML statements also have dynamic forms.
Taking EML read operations as an example, the following code snippet shows a dynamic EML [`READ ENTITIES`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entities_operations.htm) statement. The relevant syntax element is the `OPERATIONS` addition. Taking EML read operations as an example, the following code snippet shows a dynamic EML [`READ ENTITIES`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapread_entities_operations.htm) statement. The relevant syntax element is the `OPERATIONS` addition.
@@ -1587,7 +1764,7 @@ READ ENTITIES OPERATIONS op_tab.
``` ```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Persisting to the Database ### COMMIT ENTITIES Statements: Persisting to the Database
- A [`COMMIT - A [`COMMIT
ENTITIES`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapcommit_entities.htm) ENTITIES`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapcommit_entities.htm)
@@ -1824,8 +2001,42 @@ ENDDO.
</table> </table>
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### GET PERMISSIONS: Retrieving Information about RAP BO Permissions
- Permissions of RAP BOs cover multiple aspects such as global and instance authorization, or global, instance and static feature control
- You can retrieve information about the permissions using ABAP EML `GET PERMISSIONS` statements.
- Find more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPGET_PERMISSIONS.html) and in the subtopics.
- As is the case with other ABAP EML statements, multiple (optional) additions and syntax variants are available for `GET PERMISSIONS`.
- The example code snippet uses the short form of `GET PERMISSIONS`. It specifies an [only clause](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPGET_PERMISSIONS_ONLY_CLAUSE.html). The `ONLY GLOBAL` addition means that the result of the information retrieval includes only the global authorization, global and static feature control.
- RAP BO permissions cover aspects such as global and instance authorization, or global, instance, and static feature control.
- Use ABAP EML `GET PERMISSIONS` statements to retrieve information about these permissions.
- Find more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPGET_PERMISSIONS.html) and in the related subtopics.
- Like other ABAP EML statements, `GET PERMISSIONS` offers multiple (optional) additions and syntax variants.
- The example code snippet uses the short form of `GET PERMISSIONS`, specifying an [only clause](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABAPGET_PERMISSIONS_ONLY_CLAUSE.html). The `ONLY GLOBAL` addition ensures the result includes only global authorization, global and static feature control.
```abap
DATA request TYPE STRUCTURE FOR PERMISSIONS REQUEST zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m.
request = VALUE #(
%create = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%update = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%delete = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%field-key_field = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%field-field1 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%field-field2 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%field-field3 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
%field-field4 = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ).
GET PERMISSIONS ONLY GLOBAL ENTITY zdemo_abap_rap_ro_m
REQUEST request
RESULT DATA(result)
FAILED DATA(failed)
REPORTED DATA(reported).
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
@@ -1892,7 +2103,7 @@ ENDCLASS.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Additions to EML Statements in ABAP Behavior Pools ### Additions to ABAP EML Statements in ABAP Behavior Pools
- There are a [special additions when using EML in behavior - There are a [special additions when using EML in behavior
pools](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abeneml_in_abp.htm). pools](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abeneml_in_abp.htm).

199
22_Released_ABAP_Classes.md
View File

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
- [Zip Files](#zip-files) - [Zip Files](#zip-files)
- [ABAP Unit](#abap-unit) - [ABAP Unit](#abap-unit)
- [Units of Measurement](#units-of-measurement) - [Units of Measurement](#units-of-measurement)
- [Programmatic ABAP Test Cockpit (ATC) Check](#programmatic-abap-test-cockpit-atc-check)
- [Handling Number Ranges](#handling-number-ranges)
This ABAP cheat sheet contains a selection of [released](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenreleased_api_glosry.htm) ABAP classes that are available in [ABAP for Cloud Development](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_for_cloud_dev_glosry.htm). It serves as a quick introduction, along with code snippets to explore the functionality in action. This ABAP cheat sheet contains a selection of [released](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenreleased_api_glosry.htm) ABAP classes that are available in [ABAP for Cloud Development](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_for_cloud_dev_glosry.htm). It serves as a quick introduction, along with code snippets to explore the functionality in action.
@@ -823,7 +825,7 @@ DATA(str) = xco_cp=>xstring( xstr )->as_string( xco_cp_character=>code_page->utf
<tr> <tr>
<td> <code>XCO_CP</code> </td> <td> <code>XCO_CP</code> </td>
<td> <td>
Processing Base64 representations of raw binary data Base64 decoding/encoding using XCO
<br><br> <br><br>
``` abap ``` abap
@@ -852,6 +854,49 @@ DATA(conv_string_xco) = xco_cp=>xstring( base642raw
</td> </td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>CL_WEB_HTTP_UTILITY</code> </td>
<td>
Endcoding strings/xstrings in Base64 and decoding Base64-encoded strings/xstrings
<br><br>
``` abap
DATA(hi) = `Hello world`.
"Encoding a string in BASE64
"Result is of type string
"SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=
DATA(encode_base64_str) = cl_web_http_utility=>encode_base64( unencoded = hi ).
"Decoding a base64-encoded String
"Result is of type string
"Hello world
DATA(decode_base64_str) = cl_web_http_utility=>decode_base64( encoded = encode_base64_str ).
**********************************************************************
"string -> xstring
"48656C6C6F20776F726C64
DATA(conv_xstring) = cl_abap_conv_codepage=>create_out( codepage = `UTF-8` )->convert( hi ).
"Encoding an xstring in BASE64
"Result is of type string
"SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=
DATA(encode_base64_xstr) = cl_web_http_utility=>encode_x_base64( unencoded = conv_xstring ).
"Decoding a base64-encoded xstring
"48656C6C6F20776F726C64
DATA(decode_base64_xstr) = cl_web_http_utility=>decode_x_base64( encoded = encode_base64_xstr ).
"xstring -> string
"Hello world
DATA(conv_string) = cl_abap_conv_codepage=>create_in( )->convert( decode_base64_xstr ).
```
</td>
</tr>
</table> </table>
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@@ -4130,4 +4175,154 @@ SELECT *
</table> </table>
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p> <p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
## Programmatic ABAP Test Cockpit (ATC) Check
<table>
<tr>
<td> Class </td> <td> Details/Code Snippet </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>CL_SATC_API</code> </td>
<td>
- The class provides access to the ABAP Test Cockpit (ATC) API.
- Find more information about checking the quality of ABAP Code with ATC [here](https://help.sap.com/docs/ABAP_Cloud/bbcee501b99848bdadecd4e290db3ae4/4ec5711c6e391014adc9fffe4e204223.html?locale=en-US).
- The example code snippet ...
- explores the API by creating a factory object, creating and starting an ATC run, and checking the information returned.
- includes some statements that are found by ATC runs such as a deprecated statement, and a literal in the code.
- includes check variants. You may want to comment out the one, and comment in the other. For example, find check variants as follows: Right-click in the code -> Run as -> 3 ABAP Text Cockpit With... -> Choose Browse in the pop-up -> Insert `*` for *Select your check variant* and find available check variants in the system. You can also create your own ATC check variant, for example, by right-clicking your package -> New -> Other ABAP Repository Object -> Filter for *ATC Check Variant*, select it and proceed with the wizard.
<br>
```abap
CLASS zcl_some_class DEFINITION
PUBLIC
FINAL
CREATE PUBLIC .
PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.
PROTECTED SECTION.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_some_class IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
DATA num TYPE i VALUE 1.
GET REFERENCE OF num INTO DATA(ref).
out->write( `Some text` ).
**********************************************************************
TRY.
"Creating a factory object
DATA(atc) = cl_satc_api=>create_api_factory( ).
"Creating an ATC run and starting it
"The ATC run result is stored in a variable.
DATA(atc_result) = atc->create_run(
atc->create_run_configuration( atc->create_object_set_for_list( VALUE #( ( obj_type = 'CLAS' obj_name = 'ZCL_SOME_CLASS' ) ) )
)->set_check_variant( atc->get_check_variant_by_name(
'ABAP_CLOUD_READINESS'
"'ABAP_CLOUD_DEVELOPMENT_DEFAULT'
) )
)->run( ).
CATCH cx_satc_api INTO DATA(exc).
out->write( |Error: { exc->get_text( ) }| ).
RETURN.
ENDTRY.
"Returning the result ID
DATA(result_id) = atc_result->get_result_id( ).
out->write( |Result ID: { result_id }| ).
"Returning all information of the findings reported during the run
DATA(findings) = atc_result->get_findings_with_text( ).
IF findings IS INITIAL.
out->write( `No findings` ).
ELSE.
out->write( findings ).
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
```
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
## Handling Number Ranges
<table>
<tr>
<td> Class </td> <td> Details/Code Snippet </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>CL_NUMBERRANGE_OBJECTS</code><br><code>CL_NUMBERRANGE_INTERVALS</code><br><code>CL_NUMBERRANGE_RUNTIME</code> </td>
<td>
- Find more information in the SAP Help Portal, section [Number Range Solution](https://help.sap.com/docs/BTP/65de2977205c403bbc107264b8eccf4b/0335201e35bb433eab298bf8f389ea11.html), and in the class documentation.
- The code snippets rudimentarily show methods of the classes to retrieve information. You can find more snippets in the documentation linked above and check the various parameters.
<br>
```abap
"Use a valid number range object
DATA(numberrange_object) = 'Z.........'.
"Retrieving attributes of number range objects
TRY.
cl_numberrange_objects=>read(
EXPORTING
object = numberrange_object
IMPORTING
attributes = DATA(attr)
interval_exists = DATA(intv_exists)
obj_text = DATA(obj_text)
).
CATCH cx_nr_object_not_found cx_number_ranges.
ENDTRY.
"Retrieving intervals of number range objects
TRY.
cl_numberrange_intervals=>read(
EXPORTING
object = numberrange_object
IMPORTING
interval = DATA(intv)
).
CATCH cx_nr_object_not_found cx_nr_subobject cx_number_ranges.
ENDTRY.
"Retrieving numbers from number range object intervals
TRY.
cl_numberrange_runtime=>number_get(
EXPORTING
nr_range_nr = '01'
object = numberrange_object
IMPORTING
number = DATA(number)
returncode = DATA(rc)
returned_quantity = DATA(quan)
).
CATCH cx_nr_object_not_found cx_number_ranges.
ENDTRY.
```
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>