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danrega
2024-12-30 13:15:44 +01:00
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23_Date_and_Time.md
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@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ DATA(day_from_date) = xco_date->day.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Validity of Date Fields
- Before accessing date (or time) fields, ensure that the content of these fields is valid to avoid unexpected results, such as incorrect calculations.
- The ABAP runtime framework checks the validity of these fields in various contexts, including lossless assignments and assignments to numeric fields (see [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenchar_date_time_fields_validity.htm)):
- Lossless assignments: If an invalid value is encountered in a source field, an exception will be raised instead of producing the initial value.
@@ -234,13 +235,73 @@ DATA(day_sub) = substring( val = some_date off = 6 len = 2 ). "02
DATA(year_repl) = replace( val = some_date off = 0 len = 4 with = `2025` ). "20250102
"Offset and length specifications
"Read access
DATA(off_len_spec_year) = some_date(4). "2024
DATA(off_len_spec_year_2) = some_date+0(4). "2024
DATA(off_len_spec_month) = some_date+4(2). "01
DATA(off_len_spec_day) = some_date+6(2). "02
"Write access
some_date+4(2) = '10'. "20241002
"Excursion: Comparison rules for character-like date types
"The following example specifies an internal table that has a component
"of type d. Using a ranges table and SELECT statements different table
"entries are retrieved.
"Note the comparison rule for type d (and type t): Content is compared
"from left to right, and the first different character determines which
"operand is greater.
TYPES: BEGIN OF str_w_date,
num TYPE i,
date TYPE d,
END OF str_w_date,
tab_type_w_date TYPE TABLE OF str_w_date WITH EMPTY KEY.
DATA(date_tab) = VALUE tab_type_w_date(
( num = 1 date = '20241017' )
( num = 2 date = '20241030' )
( num = 3 date = '20241101' )
( num = 4 date = '20241105' )
( num = 5 date = '20241112' )
( num = 6 date = '20241201' )
( num = 7 date = '20241215' )
( num = 8 date = '20241227' )
( num = 9 date = '20241231' )
( num = 10 date = '20250101' )
( num = 11 date = '20250110' )
( num = 12 date = '20250203' ) ).
"Declaring a ranges table
DATA rangestab TYPE RANGE OF d.
"Populating a ranges table using VALUE
"Include sign, including all December dates in the result set and all dates
"earlier than November
rangestab = VALUE #( sign = 'I'
option = 'BT' ( low = '20241201' high = '20241231' )
option = 'LT' ( low = '20241101' ) ).
"Using a SELECT statement and the IN addition to retrieve internal table
"content based on the ranges table specifications
SELECT num FROM @date_tab AS dtab
WHERE date IN @rangestab
INTO TABLE @DATA(date_result1).
"The result includes: 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9
"Exclude sign, excluding all December dates in the result set
rangestab = VALUE #( sign = 'E'
option = 'BT' ( low = '20241201' high = '20241231' ) ).
SELECT num FROM @date_tab AS dtab
WHERE date IN @rangestab
INTO TABLE @DATA(date_result2).
"The result includes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Numeric Access/Calculations
- When converting date fields to numeric values, the type `d` produces an integer representing the number of days since 01.01.0001.
- This is especially important when using date fields in calculations and converting the values to numeric types.
- The XCO library offers methods for performing calculations. In the code snippet, examples use the `value` attribute. The return value of the method calls is of type `string`. For more information, refer to the class documentation.
@@ -443,6 +504,15 @@ DATA(hour_extr) = substring( val = some_time off = 0 len = 2 ). "12
DATA(minute_extr) = substring( val = some_time off = 2 len = 2 ). "34
DATA(second_extr) = substring( val = some_time off = 4 len = 2 ). "56
"Offset and length specifications
"Read access
DATA(off_len_spec_hour) = some_time(2). "12
DATA(off_len_spec_hour_2) = some_time+0(2). "12
DATA(off_len_spec_minutes) = some_time+2(2). "34
DATA(off_len_spec_seconds) = some_time+4(2). "56
"Write access
some_time+4(2) = '10'. "123410
"Retrieving the current seconds, minutes, hours using XCO
"e.g. 59
DATA(sec_w_xco) = xco_cp=>sy->time( xco_cp_time=>time_zone->user )->second.
@@ -497,6 +567,109 @@ DATA(time_xco_subtr) = xco_cp=>sy->time( xco_cp_time=>time_zone->user
)->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_8601_extended
)->value.
"------------ Calculating the time delta between two time values ------------
DATA: time1 TYPE t VALUE '210000',
time2 TYPE t VALUE '040000'.
"Calculating the time difference by subtracting
"Note that the resulting data object is of type i.
"The time values are automatically converted to type i.
"Following the conversion rule of type t to i, the resulting value
"is calculated as follows: format hhmmss of type t -> integer values
"as a result of the calculation hh * 3600 + mm * 60 + ss.
"-61200
DATA(time_diff) = time2 - time1.
"75600
DATA(time1_conv2i) = CONV i( time1 ).
ASSERT time1_conv2i = ( 21 * 3600 ) + ( 00 * 60 ) + 00.
"14400
DATA(time2_conv2i) = CONV i( time2 ).
ASSERT time2_conv2i = ( 04 * 3600 ) + ( 00 * 60 ) + 00.
ASSERT time2_conv2i - time1_conv2i = time_diff.
"---- Calculating the total values of the time difference in seconds, minutes and hours ----
"The MOD operator is used and works in a way that the positive remainder
"of the division of the left operand by the right is returned. Therefore,
"it is irrelevant whether the time difference value is either positive or
"negative.
"The value 86400 is used as right operand, representing the number of seconds
"per day/24 hours.
"25200
DATA(time_diff_seconds_total) = ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400.
"120.05
DATA(time_diff_minutes_total) = CONV decfloat34( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) / 60 ).
"2.000833333333333333333333333333333
DATA(time_diff_hours_total) = CONV decfloat34( ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) / 3600 ) ).
"---- Representing the time difference in a data object of type t ----
DATA diff_time TYPE t.
DATA(diff) = ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400.
"The following calculations use the DIV operator
"This operator returns the integer part of the division of the left operand
"by the right
DATA(hours) = diff DIV 3600.
diff = diff MOD 3600.
DATA(minutes) = diff DIV 60.
DATA(seconds) = diff MOD 60.
"diff_time: '070000'
diff_time(2) = hours.
diff_time+2(2) = minutes.
diff_time+4(2) = seconds.
"More examples
time1 = '225958'.
time2 = '010001'.
"diff_time: '020003'
diff_time(2) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) DIV 3600.
diff_time+2(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) DIV 60.
diff_time+4(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) MOD 60.
time1 = '010001'.
time2 = '225958'.
"diff_time: '215957'
diff_time(2) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) DIV 3600.
diff_time+2(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) DIV 60.
diff_time+4(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) MOD 60.
"diff_time: '154342'
time1 = '132415'.
time2 = '050757'.
diff_time(2) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) DIV 3600.
diff_time+2(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) DIV 60.
diff_time+4(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) MOD 60.
time1 = '050757'.
time2 = '132415'.
"diff_time: '081618'
diff_time(2) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) DIV 3600.
diff_time+2(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) DIV 60.
diff_time+4(2) = ( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) MOD 3600 ) MOD 60.
"---- Excursion: / and DIV operators (and why DIV is used above) ----
time1 = '132415'.
time2 = '050757'.
"Compare the result of the following statements that use different operators
"15
DATA(hours_w_div) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) DIV 3600.
"16 (result of type i, result is rounded)
DATA(hours_no_div) = ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) / 3600.
"15.72833333333333333333333333333333
DATA(hours_no_div_dec) = CONV decfloat34( ( ( time2 - time1 ) MOD 86400 ) / 3600 ).
"------------ Conversions with the CL_ABAP_TIMEFM class ------------
"Using the CL_ABAP_TIMEFM class, you can perform conversions with external