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danrega
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- [Using SELECT for Multiple Purposes](#using-select-for-multiple-purposes)
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- [Clause Variations and Additions in SELECT Statements](#clause-variations-and-additions-in-select-statements)
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- [More Clauses](#more-clauses)
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- [Excursion: Operands and Expressions in ABAP SQL Statements](#excursion-operands-and-expressions-in-abap-sql-statements)
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- [Excursion: SQL Conditions](#excursion-sql-conditions)
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- [Selecting Data by Evaluating the Content of other Tables](#selecting-data-by-evaluating-the-content-of-other-tables)
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- [Operands and Expressions in ABAP SQL Statements](#operands-and-expressions-in-abap-sql-statements)
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- [SQL operands](#sql-operands)
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- [SQL Expressions](#sql-expressions)
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- [Elementary Expressions](#elementary-expressions)
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- [SQL Functions](#sql-functions)
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- [More SQL Expressions](#more-sql-expressions)
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- [Window Expressions](#window-expressions)
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- [SQL Conditions](#sql-conditions)
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- [Selecting Data by Evaluating the Content of Other Tables](#selecting-data-by-evaluating-the-content-of-other-tables)
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- [Combining Data of Multiple Database Tables](#combining-data-of-multiple-database-tables)
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- [Excursion: Using Common Table Expressions (CTE)](#excursion-using-common-table-expressions-cte)
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- [Common Table Expressions (CTE)](#common-table-expressions-cte)
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- [Changing Data in Database Tables](#changing-data-in-database-tables)
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- [Using `INSERT`](#using-insert)
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- [Using `UPDATE`](#using-update)
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@@ -22,7 +28,6 @@
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- [More Information](#more-information)
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- [Executable Example](#executable-example)
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## ABAP SQL Intro
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- [ABAP SQL](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_glosry.htm) is a subset of [SQL](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry")
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@@ -168,7 +173,7 @@ SELECT FROM source "What database table or view to read from
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internal tables as targets, the resulting table is a standard table
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and has an empty key which might have an impact when further
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processing the internal table entries. Find more information in the
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ABAP cheat sheet [Working with Internal Tables](01_Internal_Tables.md). In newer ABAP releases, the declaration operator [`FINAL`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenfinal_inline.htm) can be used to declare immutable variables.
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ABAP cheat sheet [Internal Tables](01_Internal_Tables.md). In newer ABAP releases, the declaration operator [`FINAL`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenfinal_inline.htm) can be used to declare immutable variables.
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<p align="right">(<a href="#top">back to top</a>)</p>
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@@ -528,7 +533,7 @@ SELECT FROM dbtab
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<p align="right">(<a href="#top">back to top</a>)</p>
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### Excursion: Operands and Expressions in ABAP SQL Statements
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### Operands and Expressions in ABAP SQL Statements
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ABAP offers plenty of [SQL
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operands](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_operand_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry")
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@@ -544,7 +549,7 @@ overview of important operand positions in ABAP SQL
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[here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_operand_positions_oview.htm).
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Due to the rich variety of options, the cheat sheet covers a selection.
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**SQL operands**
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#### SQL operands
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- Are elementary operands in an ABAP SQL statement
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- Can be database table or view columns, a
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@@ -608,7 +613,7 @@ SELECT FROM zdemo_abap_flsch
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"UP TO @( 10 - 7 ) ROWS. "Host expression
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```
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**SQL Expressions**
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#### SQL Expressions
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- Expressions in an ABAP SQL statement that are passed to the database
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system for evaluation.
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@@ -619,7 +624,7 @@ SELECT FROM zdemo_abap_flsch
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[here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapsql_expr.htm)
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and the subtopics there.
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**Elementary expressions**
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##### Elementary Expressions
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- An elementary expression represents one of the four mentioned
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operands above: A value from the database (the column name) or
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@@ -629,7 +634,7 @@ SELECT FROM zdemo_abap_flsch
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- See more information
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[here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_elem.htm).
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**SQL functions**
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##### SQL Functions
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- You can use built-in functions in ABAP SQL.
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- Result: Value with the associated dictionary type.
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@@ -890,7 +895,7 @@ SELECT
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INTO TABLE @DATA(agg_exp).
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```
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**More SQL Expressions**
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##### More SQL Expressions
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- [Arithmetic
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expressions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_arith.htm)
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@@ -959,9 +964,9 @@ WHERE carrid = 'AA'
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INTO @DATA(more_sql_expr).
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```
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[Window expressions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwindow_expression_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry")
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##### Window Expressions
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How they work:
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How [window expressions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwindow_expression_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry") work:
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- Defines a subset of the result set (i. e. the
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"[window](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwindow_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry")")
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@@ -1056,7 +1061,7 @@ SELECT carrid, currency, fldate,
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INTO TABLE @DATA(result).
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```
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### Excursion: SQL Conditions
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### SQL Conditions
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You can formulate conditions in ABAP SQL statements, i. e. [logical
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expressions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenlogical_expression_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"),
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@@ -1069,20 +1074,19 @@ conditions. For more information, see the subtopics of the [SQL
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Conditions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenasql_cond.htm)
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topic.
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| Operator | Meaning |
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|----------|:-------------:|
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| `=`, `EQ` | The content of two operands is equal.|
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| `=`, `EQ` | The content of two operands is equal.|
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| `<>`, `NE` | The content of two operands is not equal.|
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| `<`, `LT` | The content of one operand is less than the content of the other operand.|
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| `>`, `GT` | The content of one operand is greater than the content of the other operand.|
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| `<=`, `LE` | The content of one operand is less than or equal to the content of the other operand.|
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| `>=`, `GE` | The content of one operand is greater than or equal to the content of the other operand.|
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| `... [NOT] BETWEEN ... AND ...` | The value of an operand is (not) between the value of the two other operands.|
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| `... [NOT] LIKE ...` | The content of an operand matches (does not match) a specified pattern. The pattern can be specified by using wildcard characters. `%` stands for any character string, including an empty string. `_` stands for any character.|
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| `... IS [NOT] INITIAL ...` | The value of an operand is (not) the initial value of its built-in dictionary type.|
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| `... EXISTS ...` | Checks the result set of a [subquery](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensubquery_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"). The expression is true if the result set contains at least one row. See more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwhere_logexp_subquery.htm).|
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| `... [NOT] IN ( ... )` | Checks whether the operands on the left side match a value from a set of values specified in parentheses. On the left side, a single operand or an operand list are possible. On the right side, a comma-separated lists or subqueries can be specified.|
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| `<`, `LT` | The content of one operand is less than the content of the other operand.|
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| `>`, `GT` | The content of one operand is greater than the content of the other operand.|
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| `<=`, `LE` | The content of one operand is less than or equal to the content of the other operand.|
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| `>=`, `GE` | The content of one operand is greater than or equal to the content of the other operand.|
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| `... [NOT] BETWEEN ... AND ...` | The value of an operand is (not) between the value of the two other operands.|
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| `... [NOT] LIKE ...` | The content of an operand matches (does not match) a specified pattern. The pattern can be specified by using wildcard characters. `%` stands for any character string, including an empty string. `_` stands for any character.|
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| `... IS [NOT] INITIAL ...` | The value of an operand is (not) the initial value of its built-in dictionary type.|
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| `... EXISTS ...` | Checks the result set of a [subquery](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensubquery_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry"). The expression is true if the result set contains at least one row. See more information [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwhere_logexp_subquery.htm).|
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| `... [NOT] IN ( ... )` | Checks whether the operands on the left side match a value from a set of values specified in parentheses. On the left side, a single operand or an operand list are possible. On the right side, a comma-separated lists or subqueries can be specified.|
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> **💡 Note**<br>
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>You can combine multiple logical expressions into one
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@@ -1130,7 +1134,7 @@ SELECT *
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INTO TABLE @DATA(itab_where).
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```
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### Selecting Data by Evaluating the Content of other Tables
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### Selecting Data by Evaluating the Content of Other Tables
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[`FOR ALL ENTRIES`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwhere_all_entries.htm)
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addition:
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@@ -1221,9 +1225,9 @@ UNION
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INTO ...
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```
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#### Excursion: Using Common Table Expressions (CTE)
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#### Common Table Expressions (CTE)
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When used:
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When to use [Common Table Expressions (CTE)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abencommon_table_expression_glosry.htm):
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- Whenever you need intermediate results in a `SELECT`
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statement and especially if you need them more than once.
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@@ -1244,7 +1248,7 @@ How it works:
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e. a `SELECT` statement accesses the result of the
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expressions.
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Setup of a statement with CTEs:
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Setup of a statement with CTE:
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- Introductory keyword `WITH`
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- A comma-separated list with at least one definition of a CTE
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