| Syntax Variant | Notes | Code Snippet | +
|
+
+`... a = b ...` `... a EQ b ...` + + |
+
+ + + The content of two operands is equal. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal = 'bear' + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal EQ 'bear' + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... a <> b ...` `... a NE b ...` + + |
+
+ + +The content of two operands is not equal. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal <> 'bear' + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal NE 'bear' + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... a < b ...` `... a LT b ...` + + |
+
+ + +The content of the left operand is less than the content of the right operand. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count < 15 + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count LT 15 + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... a > b ...` `... a GT b ...` + + |
+
+ + +The content of the left operand is greater than the content of the right operand. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count > 15 + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count GT 15 + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... a <= b ...` `... a LE b ...` + + |
+
+ + +The content of the left operand is less than or equal to the content of the right operand. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count <= 15 + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count LE 15 + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... a >= b ...` `... a GE b ...` + + |
+
+ + +The content of the left operand is greater than or equal to the content of the right operand. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count >= 15 + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count GE 15 + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
|
+
+`... AND ...` `... OR ...` `... ( ... ) ...` + + |
+
+ + +Combining multiple logical expressions into one logical expression using `AND` or `OR`. To further detail out the desired condition, expressions within parentheses are possible. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE id = 1 AND animal = 'bear' + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal = 'kangaroo' OR count = 4 + INTO TABLE @it. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE ( id = 1 AND animal = 'bear' ) + OR ( id = 20 AND animal = 'lion' ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [=|<>|>|<|...] [ALL|ANY|SOME] ( SELECT ... ) ...` + + | + ++ +The content of a single operand is compared with the result set of a scalar subquery using a comparison operator. Multiple subqueries can be included with `UNION`, `INTERSECT`, or `EXCEPT`. The additions `ALL`, `ANY`, and `SOME` can only be omitted if the subquery result set contains a single row. Otherwise, an exception occurs with a multi-row result set. One of the additions must be specified in the case of multi-row result set. For `ALL`, the expression is true if the comparison holds for all rows in the result set. For `ANY` or `SOME`, the expression is true if the comparison holds for at least one row. Using `=` or `EQ` with `ANY` or `SOME` is similar to using `IN (SELECT ...)`. + + | + ++ +``` abap +"The following example assumes there is a single-row result set of the subquery. +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count = ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE num1 = 40 ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"ALL addition +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count > ALL ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"ANY addition +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count = ANY ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE num1 <= 40 ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"SOME addition (yields the same result as the previous statement) +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count = SOME ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE num1 <= 40 ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [NOT] BETWEEN b AND c ...` + + | + ++ +The content of the left operand is (not) between the value of the two other operands. The syntax variant is like specifying `... [NOT] ( a >= b AND a <= c ) ...`. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count BETWEEN 1 AND 10 + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Negation with NOT +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 10 + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [NOT] LIKE b [ESCAPE c] ...` + + | + +
+
+Checks whether the content of the left operand matches (or does not match) a specified pattern. The pattern can be specified by using wildcard characters. `%` stands for any character string, including an empty string. `_` stands for any character. Using the `ESCAPE` addition, you can specify a single-character escape character of length 1 (e.g. `#`) in front of a wildcard character or the escaped character itsef. For example, to search for the pattern `100%`, you may use an expression such as the the following: `... LIKE '100#%' ESCAPE '#' ...`. + + |
+
+ + +``` abap +SELECT animal FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal LIKE '%ee%' + OR animal LIKE '_e%' + INTO TABLE @DATA(animals). + +"Negation with NOT +SELECT animal FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal NOT LIKE '_e%' + INTO TABLE @animals. + +"ESCAPE addition +"The following example matches any character sequence followed +"by the % character. +SELECT animal FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal LIKE '%#%' ESCAPE '#' + INTO TABLE @animals. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a IS [NOT] INITIAL ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether the content of an operand is (not) the initial value of its [built-in DDIC type](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenbuiltin_ddic_type_glosry.htm). + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count IS INITIAL + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Negation with NOT +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count IS NOT INITIAL + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [NOT] IN (b, c, ...)...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether the content of the left operand is (not) contained in a set of a parenthesized, comma-separated list of values. You can also specify just one operand in the parentheses. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal IN ( 'elephant', 'gorilla', 'dog', 'snake' ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Negation with NOT +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal NOT IN ( 'chimpanzee', 'dog', 'snake' ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Blanks after the first parentheses and before the second are not mandatory. +"This also applies to blanks within the parentheses. However, choose either +"to use the blanks or not. +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE animal IN ('elephant','gorilla','dog','snake') + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [NOT] IN ( SELECT ... ) ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether the content of the left operand is (not) contained in the result set of a scalar subquery. Note that multiple subqueries can be included using `UNION`, `INTERSECT`, `EXCEPT`. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count IN ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE num1 <= 40 ) + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Negation with NOT +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count NOT IN ( SELECT key_field FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE num1 <= 40 ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... ( a, b, ... ) IN ( ( d, e, ... ) ( f, g, ...) ... ) ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether each of the values of multiple operands in a parenthesized, comma-separated list on the left side of `IN` matches value tuples in the same place specified in parentheses on the right side of `IN`. Unlike the syntax option `... a [NOT] IN (b, c, ...) ...`, this syntax option allows [SQL expressions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_expression_glosry.htm) on the right side of `IN`. Note that a negation with `NOT` is not supported. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE ( id, animal ) IN ( ( 1, 'bear' ), ( 3, 'giraffe' ), ( 987, 'flamingo' ), ( 2, 'dog' ) ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... ( a, b, ... ) IN ( SELECT ... ) ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether each value of multiple operands in a parenthesized, comma-separated list on the left side of `IN` matches the content of a subquery result set. The result set must contain the same number of elements as specified in the parentheses on the left side of `IN`. As above, the position of elements in the result set is relevant. Note that multiple subqueries can be included using `UNION`, `INTERSECT`, `EXCEPT`, and that a negation with `NOT` is not supported. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE ( id, count ) IN ( SELECT key_field, num1 FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a [NOT] IN @ranges_table ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether the operand on the left side of `IN` matches (or does not match) [ranges conditions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenranges_condition_glosry.htm) specified in a [ranges table](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenranges_table_glosry.htm). Note that the operators `CP` and `NP` are transformed into `LIKE` conditions (as a consequence, the conditions for `CP` and `NP` are case-sensitive). + + | + ++ +``` abap +DATA rangestab TYPE RANGE OF i. +"Value range between 1 and 10 +rangestab = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'BT' low = 1 high = 10 ) ). + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count IN @rangestab + INTO TABLE @it. + +"Value range: Lower than 5 + greater than or equal to 25 +rangestab = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'LT' low = 5 ) + ( sign = 'I' option = 'GE' low = 25 ) ). + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE count IN @rangestab + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... EXISTS ( SELECT ... ) ...` + + | + ++ +Checks the result of a subquery. The comparison is true if the result set contains at least one row. Note that data source fields specified in the subquery are not relevant. You may also just use a single literal representing a column. Note that multiple subqueries can be included using `UNION`, `INTERSECT`, `EXCEPT`. + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 'X' FROM zdemo_abap_tab1 WHERE key_field = tab~id ) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +
| + +`... a IS [NOT] NULL ...` + + | + ++ +Checks whether the value of an operand is (not) the [null value](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abennull_value_glosry.htm). Find more information in the executable example (which also includes the `INDICATORS NULL STRUCTURE` addition to the `INTO` clause) and in the [ABAP Keyword Documentation](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwhere_logexp_null.htm). + + | + ++ +``` abap +SELECT tab2~key_field, tab1~char2 + FROM zdemo_abap_tab2 AS tab2 + LEFT OUTER JOIN zdemo_abap_tab1 AS tab1 ON tab1~char1 = tab2~char1 + WHERE tab1~char1 IS NULL + INTO TABLE @DATA(joined_tab). + +"Negation IS NOT NULL +SELECT tab2~key_field, tab1~char2 + FROM zdemo_abap_tab2 AS tab2 + LEFT OUTER JOIN zdemo_abap_tab1 AS tab1 ON tab1~char1 = tab2~char1 + WHERE tab1~char1 IS NOT NULL + INTO TABLE @joined_tab. +``` + + | +
| + +`... (dynamic_where_clause) ...` + + | + ++ +Dynamic `WHERE` condition specified as parenthesized data objects. This data objects should contain the syntax of a logical expression. As `dynamic_where_clause`, a character-like data object or a standard table with character-like line type is expected. The syntax is not case-sensitive. For more information, see the [Dynamic Programming cheat sheet](06_Dynamic_Programming.md), also with respect to potential security risks regarding dynamic specifications. + + | + ++ +``` abap +DATA(dynamic_where_clause) = `count > 15`. + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE (dynamic_where_clause) + INTO TABLE @it. + +DATA(dyn_where_cl_as_tab) = VALUE string_table( ( `animal = 'kangaroo'` ) + ( `OR` ) + ( `count = 4` ) ). + +SELECT id FROM @itab AS tab + WHERE (dyn_where_cl_as_tab) + INTO TABLE @it. +``` + + | +