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9
05_Constructor_Expressions.md
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@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
position](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenwrite_position_glosry.htm "Glossary Entry").
In doing so, such a variable declared inline can be given the
appropriate type and result of the constructor expression in one
go: `DATA(strtable) = VALUE string_table( ( `a` ) ( `b` ) ( `c` ) ).` or `DATA(dec) = CONV decfloat34( '1.23' ).`.
go: ```DATA(strtable) = VALUE string_table( ( `a` ) ( `b` ) ( `c` ) ).``` or ```DATA(dec) = CONV decfloat34( '1.23' ).```.
> **✔️ Hint**<br>
>- The construction of a result, i. e. a target [data
@@ -79,10 +79,9 @@ initialization can be avoided.
- Expressions with the
[`VALUE`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenconstructor_expression_value.htm)
operator construct a result in place based on a data type.
- This result can be initial values for any non-generic data types,
structures or internal tables.
> **💡 Note**<br>
> Elementary data types and reference types cannot be
- This result can be structures or internal tables. It can also be initial values for any non-generic data types.
> **💡 Note**<br>
> Elementary data types and reference types cannot be
explicitly specified for the construction of values here.
- Regarding the type specifications before and parameters within the
parentheses:

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15_CDS_View_Entities.md
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@@ -1,40 +1,70 @@
# CDS View Entities
- [CDS View Entities](#cds-view-entities)
- [More Information](#more-information)
- [Executable Example](#executable-example)
Core data services (CDS) are an infrastructure for defining and consuming semantically rich data models on the [standard database](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_db_glosry.htm) of an [AS ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenas_abap_glosry.htm).
> **💡 Note**<br>
> - For cheat sheet content on CDS views, check out [this blog](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/10/24/feature-matrix-data-modeling-with-abap-core-data-services/).
> - The executable example focuses on CDS view entities and covers a selection of features.
> - The sample CDS view entities are designed to demonstrate a selection of features with a limited number of artifacts. They are not intended to be role models for proper CDS view design. They focus on syntax options only. They are not intended to solve concrete programming tasks. You should always work out your own solution for each individual case.
## More Information
- Blogs:
- [Feature Matrix: Data Modeling with ABAP Core Data Services](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/10/24/feature-matrix-data-modeling-with-abap-core-data-services/)
- [ABAP CDS Cheat Sheet: Amounts and Quantities in ABAP CDS](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/07/07/abap-cds-cheat-sheet-amounts-and-quantities-in-abap-cds/)
- [ABAP Data Models Guide](https://blogs.sap.com/2023/05/09/abap-data-models-guide/) (includes a link to the guide on the SAP Help Portal)
- ABAP Keyword Documentation: [ABAP - Core Data Services (ABAP CDS)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abencds.htm)
## Executable Example
[zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve](./src/zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve.clas.abap)
> **💡 Note**<br>
> - The executable example covers the following topics:
> - Operands, expressions, built-in functions, and input parameters in CDS view entities
> - Selecting data from CDS view entities using ABAP SQL `SELECT` statements
> - Joins
> - Note: A sample CDS view entity contains multiple joins. You can comment in/out code sections to see the effect. See the notes in the view.
> - Excursion: Joins in ABAP SQL
> - Associations
> - Defining views with associations
> - Exposing associations
> - Using exposed associations in ABAP statements
> - The example CDS view entities (`zdemo_abap_cds_ve...`) and the [class](./src/zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve.clas.abap) contains comments in the code for more information.
> - The steps to import and run the code are outlined [here](README.md#-getting-started-with-the-examples).
# CDS View Entities
- [CDS View Entities](#cds-view-entities)
- [A Glimpse on the CDS Syntax](#a-glimpse-on-the-cds-syntax)
- [More Information](#more-information)
- [Executable Example](#executable-example)
Core data services (CDS) are an infrastructure for defining and consuming semantically rich data models on the [standard database](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_db_glosry.htm) of an [AS ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenas_abap_glosry.htm).
> **💡 Note**<br>
> - For cheat sheet content on CDS views, check out [this blog](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/10/24/feature-matrix-data-modeling-with-abap-core-data-services/).
> - The executable example focuses on CDS view entities and covers a selection of features.
> - The sample CDS view entities are designed to demonstrate a selection of features with a limited number of artifacts. They are not intended to be role models for proper CDS view design. They focus on syntax options only. They are not intended to solve concrete programming tasks. You should always work out your own solution for each individual case.
## A Glimpse on the CDS Syntax
The following links take you to the source code of the cheat sheet artifacts to get a glimpse on the syntax used. To explore the syntax in action, import the ABAP cheat sheet repository into your system.
- [zdemo_abap_cds_ve_sel](src/zdemo_abap_cds_ve_sel.ddls.asddls)
- Input parameters
- Specifying fields of the data source
- Typed and untyped literals
- Session variables
- Multiple expressions:
- Cast expressions
- Reuse expressions
- Arithmetic expressions
- Case expressions
- Logical expressions
- Built-in functions
- Numeric functions
- String functions
- Coalesce function
- Date and time functions
- [zdemo_abap_cds_ve_agg_exp](zdemo_abap_cds_ve_agg_exp.ddls.asddls)
- Aggregate expressions
- [zdemo_abap_cds_ve_joins](src/zdemo_abap_cds_ve_joins.ddls.asddls)
- Inner joins
- Left outer joins
- Right outer joins
- Cross joins
- [zdemo_abap_cds_ve_assoc](src/zdemo_abap_cds_ve_assoc.ddls.asddls)
- Associations
## More Information
- Blogs:
- [Feature Matrix: Data Modeling with ABAP Core Data Services](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/10/24/feature-matrix-data-modeling-with-abap-core-data-services/)
- [ABAP CDS Cheat Sheet: Amounts and Quantities in ABAP CDS](https://blogs.sap.com/2022/07/07/abap-cds-cheat-sheet-amounts-and-quantities-in-abap-cds/)
- [ABAP Data Models Guide](https://blogs.sap.com/2023/05/09/abap-data-models-guide/) (includes a link to the guide on the SAP Help Portal)
- ABAP Keyword Documentation: [ABAP - Core Data Services (ABAP CDS)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abencds.htm)
## Executable Example
[zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve](./src/zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve.clas.abap)
> **💡 Note**<br>
> - The executable example covers the following topics:
> - Operands, expressions, built-in functions, and input parameters in CDS view entities
> - Selecting data from CDS view entities using ABAP SQL `SELECT` statements
> - Joins
> - Note: A sample CDS view entity contains multiple joins. You can comment in/out code sections to see the effect. See the notes in the view.
> - Excursion: Joins in ABAP SQL
> - Associations
> - Defining views with associations
> - Exposing associations
> - Using exposed associations in ABAP statements
> - The example CDS view entities (`zdemo_abap_cds_ve...`) and the [class](./src/zcl_demo_abap_cds_ve.clas.abap) contains comments in the code for more information.
> - The steps to import and run the code are outlined [here](README.md#-getting-started-with-the-examples).
> - [Disclaimer](README.md#%EF%B8%8F-disclaimer)

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16_Data_Types_and_Objects.md
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@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
- [Enumerated Types and Objects](#enumerated-types-and-objects)
- [Getting Type Information and Creating Types at Runtime](#getting-type-information-and-creating-types-at-runtime)
- [Ranges Tables](#ranges-tables)
- [Typed Literals in ABAP SQL](#typed-literals-in-abap-sql)
- [Executable Example](#executable-example)
## Introduction
@@ -1464,6 +1465,59 @@ SELECT * FROM @inttab AS tab
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Typed Literals in ABAP SQL
Typed literal:
- Literal whose data types is defined by specifying a [built-in dictionary type](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenddic_builtin_types.htm) explicitly.
- Available for most but not all ABAP Dictionary data types.
- Can be used in ABAP SQL and in ABAP CDS.
- More information: Typed literals in [ABAP SQL](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_sql_typed_literals.htm) ([cast expressions in ABAP SQL](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensql_cast.htm)) and [ABAP CDS](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abencds_typed_literal_v2.htm)
```abap
SELECT SINGLE
FROM i_timezone
FIELDS *
WHERE TimeZoneID = char`EST`
INTO @DATA(wa_typed_literal).
"Cast with a typed literal to cover a specification true to the
"actually expected type. In the case of the example, the data type
"char(6) is expected.
SELECT SINGLE
FROM i_timezone
FIELDS *
WHERE TimeZoneID = CAST( char`EST` AS CHAR( 6 ) )
INTO @DATA(wa_typed_literal_cast).
"Untyped literal
SELECT SINGLE
FROM i_timezone
FIELDS *
WHERE TimeZoneID = 'EST'
INTO @DATA(wa_untyped_literal).
"Various typed literals
DATA(tmstamp) = CONV timestamp( '20240808112517' ).
SELECT SINGLE
FROM i_timezone
FIELDS
char`X` AS flag,
int8`32984723948723` AS int8,
raw`11` AS raw,
numc`1234` AS numc,
utclong`2024-01-01T10:01:02,2` AS utc,
tims`101507` AS tims,
curr`173.95` AS curr,
"Multiple cast expressions splitting a time stamp into date and time parts
CAST( CAST( div( @tmstamp, 1000000 ) AS CHAR ) AS DATS ) AS date,
CAST( substring( CAST( @tmstamp AS CHAR ), 9, 6 ) AS TIMS ) AS time,
'ABAP' AS txt "Untyped literal
WHERE TimeZoneID = CAST( char`EST` AS CHAR( 6 ) )
INTO @DATA(wa_some_typed_literal).
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
## Executable Example
[zcl_demo_abap_dtype_dobj](./src/zcl_demo_abap_dtype_dobj.clas.abap)

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21_XML_JSON.md
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@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ CALL TRANSFORMATION zsome_transformation SOURCE ...
CALL TRANSFORMATION id SOURCE ...
RESULT ...
"Dynamic specifiation of the transformation
"Dynamic specification of the transformation
"If the transformation does not exist, an exception is raised.
TRY.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ('ID') SOURCE ...
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ CALL TRANSFORMATION ... SOURCE XML src
"--------------------- Transforming ABAP data ----------------------
"No XML specified after SOURCE
"Options for src:
"Options after SOURCE:
"- One or multiple ABAP data objects (abap1 in the snippet) can be specified as
" static parameter list, e.g. z1 = abap1 z2 = abap2 ...
"- When XSLT is used (such as ID), the data is serialized to asXML depending on

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23_Date_and_Time.md
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@@ -1,31 +1,32 @@
<a name="top"></a>
# Date, Time, and Time Stamps
# Date, Time, and Time Stamp
- [Date, Time, and Time Stamps](#date-time-and-time-stamps)
- [Data Types for Date, Time and Time Stamps](#data-types-for-date-time-and-time-stamps)
- [Date, Time, and Time Stamp](#date-time-and-time-stamp)
- [Data Types for Date, Time and Time Stamp](#data-types-for-date-time-and-time-stamp)
- [Retrieving the Time Zone](#retrieving-the-time-zone)
- [Date](#date)
- [Retrieving and Creating Dates](#retrieving-and-creating-dates)
- [Validity of Date Fields](#validity-of-date-fields)
- [Character-Like Access to Date Fields](#character-like-access-to-date-fields)
- [Numeric Access/Calculations](#numeric-accesscalculations)
- [`CL_ABAP_DATFM`: Date Conversions](#cl_abap_datfm-date-conversions)
- [Time](#time)
- [Time Stamps](#time-stamps)
- [Time stamps of type utclong](#time-stamps-of-type-utclong)
- [Time Stamps of Type `utclong`](#time-stamps-of-type-utclong)
- [Retrieving the Current Time Stamp](#retrieving-the-current-time-stamp)
- [Creating/Modifying a Time Stamp](#creatingmodifying-a-time-stamp)
- [Time Stamp Calculations with the Built-In Function utclong\_add](#time-stamp-calculations-with-the-built-in-function-utclong_add)
- [Time Stamp Calculations with the Built-In Function `utclong_add`](#time-stamp-calculations-with-the-built-in-function-utclong_add)
- [Time Stamp Calculations with XCO](#time-stamp-calculations-with-xco)
- [Calculating Time Stamp Differences Using the Built-In Function utclong\_diff](#calculating-time-stamp-differences-using-the-built-in-function-utclong_diff)
- [CONVERT UTCLONG: Time Stamp (utclong) -\> Local Date/Time](#convert-utclong-time-stamp-utclong---local-datetime)
- [CONVERT INTO UTCLONG: Local Date/Time -\> Time Stamp (utclong)](#convert-into-utclong-local-datetime---time-stamp-utclong)
- [CL\_ABAP\_UTCLONG: Utilities for Time Stamps (utclong)](#cl_abap_utclong-utilities-for-time-stamps-utclong)
- [Time Stamps in Packed Numbers (types timestamp, timestampl)](#time-stamps-in-packed-numbers-types-timestamp-timestampl)
- [Retrieving the Current Time Stamp](#retrieving-the-current-time-stamp-1)
- [CONVERT TIME STAMP: Time Stamp (timestamp, timestampl)-\> Local Date/Time](#convert-time-stamp-time-stamp-timestamp-timestampl--local-datetime)
- [CONVERT INTO TIME STAMP: Local Date/Time -\> Time Stamp (timestamp, timestampl)](#convert-into-time-stamp-local-datetime---time-stamp-timestamp-timestampl)
- [CL\_ABAP\_TSTMP: Calculating and Converting Time Stamps in Packed Numbers](#cl_abap_tstmp-calculating-and-converting-time-stamps-in-packed-numbers)
- [Calculating Time Stamp Differences Using the Built-In Function `utclong_diff`](#calculating-time-stamp-differences-using-the-built-in-function-utclong_diff)
- [`CONVERT UTCLONG`: Time Stamp (`utclong`) -\> Local Date/Time](#convert-utclong-time-stamp-utclong---local-datetime)
- [`CONVERT INTO UTCLONG`: Local Date/Time -\> Time Stamp (`utclong`)](#convert-into-utclong-local-datetime---time-stamp-utclong)
- [`CL_ABAP_UTCLONG`: Utilities for Time Stamps (`utclong`)](#cl_abap_utclong-utilities-for-time-stamps-utclong)
- [Time Stamps in Packed Numbers (types `timestamp`, `timestampl`)](#time-stamps-in-packed-numbers-types-timestamp-timestampl)
- [`GET TIME STAMP`: Retrieving the Current Time Stamp](#get-time-stamp-retrieving-the-current-time-stamp)
- [`CONVERT TIME STAMP`: Time Stamp in Packed Numbers -\> Local Date/Time](#convert-time-stamp-time-stamp-in-packed-numbers---local-datetime)
- [`CONVERT INTO TIME STAMP`: Local Date/Time -\> Time Stamp in Packed Numbers](#convert-into-time-stamp-local-datetime---time-stamp-in-packed-numbers)
- [`CL_ABAP_TSTMP`: Calculating and Converting Time Stamps in Packed Numbers](#cl_abap_tstmp-calculating-and-converting-time-stamps-in-packed-numbers)
- [Excursion: Unix Time Stamps](#excursion-unix-time-stamps)
- [Date, Time, and Time Stamps in String Templates](#date-time-and-time-stamps-in-string-templates)
- [Excursions](#excursions)
@@ -35,9 +36,9 @@
- [More Information](#more-information)
This ABAP cheat sheet covers how to handle and process dates, times, and time stamps in ABAP. Note the different types when working with them in ABAP, such as for calculations, evaluations, or displaying on a user interface.
This ABAP cheat sheet covers options of how to handle and process dates, times, and time stamps in ABAP. Note the different types when working with them in ABAP, such as for calculations, evaluations, or displaying on a user interface.
## Data Types for Date, Time and Time Stamps
## Data Types for Date, Time and Time Stamp
The main data types for date, time, and time stamps in ABAP are as follows::
- [Built-in ABAP types](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenbuiltin_abap_type_glosry.htm): `d`, `t`, `utclong`
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ More information on string processing: [String processing cheat sheet](07_String
```abap
"Since the content is character-like, you can use string processing functionalities
"to access date values. This is also applies to time fields of type t.
"to access date values. This also applies to time fields of type t.
"Some examples:
"Extracting date values using the string function substring.
DATA some_date TYPE d VALUE '20240102'.
@@ -252,7 +253,6 @@ DATA(days_since_01_01_0001) = CONV i( date_calc_1 ). "738887
"Getting the weekday (1 = Monday, 2 = Tuesday, ...)
DATA(weekday1) = ( 5 + date_calc_1 MOD 7 ) MOD 7 + 1. "1 (Monday)
DATA(weekday2) = ( 5 + date_calc_3 MOD 7 ) MOD 7 + 1. "6 (Saturday)
"Getting the last day of the previous month
DATA(date_w_first_day_of_month) = CONV d( replace( val = `202403020` off = 6 len = 2 with = `01` ) ). "20240301
DATA(date_w_last_day_of_prev_month) = CONV d( date_w_first_day_of_month - 1 ). "20240229
@@ -319,6 +319,95 @@ ENDTRY.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### `CL_ABAP_DATFM`: Date Conversions
```abap
"Using the CL_ABAP_DATFM class, you can perform conversions with external
"and internal representations of a time according to the date format, e.g.
"the conversion of a date in a data object of type string to type d and vice
"versa using a specific date format. Multiple methods are available, of which
"two are covered in the example. For more information, refer to the class
"documentation.
"Values of the date format for the conversion
"'1' DD.MM.YYYY (Gregorian Date)
"'2' MM/DD/YYYY (Gregorian Date)
"'3' MM-DD-YYYY (Gregorian Date)
"'4' YYYY.MM.DD (Gregorian Date)
"'5' YYYY/MM/DD (Gregorian Date)
"'6' YYYY-MM-DD (Gregorian Date, ISO 8601)
"'7' GYY.MM.DD (Japanese Date)
"'8' GYY/MM/DD (Japanese Date)
"'9' GYY-MM-DD (Japanese Date)
"'A' YYYY/MM/DD (Islamic Date 1)
"'B' YYYY/MM/DD (Islamic Date 2)
"'C' YYYY/MM/DD (Iranian Date)
"Data type and obect declarations for the example. The example, explores
"multiple date formats. For this purpose, each loop pass in a DO loop
"uses a different date format. First, the internal time format is converted
"to external time formats. In another loop, the conversions are performed
"the other way round. The results are stored in an internal table.
DATA(date4conversion) = CONV d( '20240202' ).
DATA conv_date_str TYPE string.
DATA conv_date_d TYPE d.
DATA date_format TYPE cl_abap_datfm=>ty_datfm.
TYPES: BEGIN OF date_ty_s,
ext_date TYPE string,
format TYPE c LENGTH 1,
int_date TYPE d,
END OF date_ty_s.
DATA date_tab TYPE TABLE OF date_ty_s WITH EMPTY KEY.
"Conversion of d (internal) to string (external time format)
DO 7 TIMES.
TRY.
cl_abap_datfm=>conv_date_int_to_ext(
EXPORTING im_datint = date4conversion
im_datfmdes = SWITCH #( sy-index
WHEN 1 THEN cl_abap_datfm=>get_datfm( )
WHEN 2 THEN '1'
WHEN 3 THEN '2'
WHEN 4 THEN '3'
WHEN 5 THEN '6'
WHEN 6 THEN 'A'
WHEN 7 THEN 'C' )
IMPORTING ex_datext = conv_date_str
ex_datfmused = date_format ).
date_tab = VALUE #( BASE date_tab ( ext_date = conv_date_str format = date_format ) ).
CATCH cx_abap_datfm_format_unknown.
ENDTRY.
ENDDO.
"Conversion of string (external) to d (internal time format)
LOOP AT date_tab REFERENCE INTO DATA(ref_date).
TRY.
cl_abap_datfm=>conv_date_ext_to_int(
EXPORTING im_datext = ref_date->ext_date
im_datfmdes = ref_date->format
IMPORTING ex_datint = conv_date_d
ex_datfmused = date_format ).
ref_date->int_date = conv_date_d.
CATCH cx_abap_datfm_no_date cx_abap_datfm_invalid_date
cx_abap_datfm_format_unknown cx_abap_datfm_ambiguous.
ENDTRY.
ENDLOOP.
"Content of date_tab:
"EXT_DATE FORMAT INT_DATE
"02/02/2024 2 20240202
"02.02.2024 1 20240202
"02/02/2024 2 20240202
"02-02-2024 3 20240202
"2024-02-02 6 20240202
"1445/07/22 A 20240202
"1402/11/13 C 20240202
"Note: When outputting the data object with the classrun,
"20240202, which is of type d, is displayed as 2014-02-02 in
"the console for better readability.
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
## Time
The code snippet below provides examples of time processing, such as retrieving the current time, accessing time values, creating time values, and performing time calculations. You can also utilize the XCO library in different scenarios. Note that the return value in most of the code snippets using XCO is of type `string`.
@@ -400,6 +489,35 @@ DATA(time_xco_subtr) = xco_cp=>sy->time( xco_cp_time=>time_zone->user
)->subtract( iv_hour = 1 iv_minute = 1 iv_second = 1
)->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_8601_extended
)->value.
"------------ Conversions with the CL_ABAP_TIMEFM class ------------
"Using the CL_ABAP_TIMEFM class, you can perform conversions with external
"and internal representations of a time, e.g. conversion of a time in a data
"object of type string to type t and vice versa. Multiple methods are available,
"of which two are covered in the example. For more information, refer to the
"class documentation.
DATA(time4conversion) = CONV t( '123456' ).
DATA conv_time_str TYPE string.
DATA conv_time_t TYPE t.
"Conversion of t (internal) to string (external time format)
TRY.
cl_abap_timefm=>conv_time_int_to_ext(
EXPORTING time_int = time4conversion
without_seconds = abap_false
format_according_to = cl_abap_timefm=>iso "hh:mm:ss
IMPORTING time_ext = conv_time_str ). "12:34:56
CATCH cx_parameter_invalid_range.
ENDTRY.
"Conversion of string (external) to t (internal time format)
TRY.
cl_abap_timefm=>conv_time_ext_to_int(
EXPORTING time_ext = conv_time_str
IMPORTING time_int = conv_time_t ). "123456
CATCH cx_abap_timefm_invalid.
ENDTRY.
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
@@ -416,7 +534,7 @@ DATA(time_xco_subtr) = xco_cp=>sy->time( xco_cp_time=>time_zone->user
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Time stamps of type utclong
### Time Stamps of Type `utclong`
#### Retrieving the Current Time Stamp
More information: [`utclong_current`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenutclong_current.htm)
@@ -496,7 +614,7 @@ DATA(ts12) = ts11->overwrite( iv_year = '2025'
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Time Stamp Calculations with the Built-In Function utclong_add
#### Time Stamp Calculations with the Built-In Function `utclong_add`
More information: [`utclong_add`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenutclong_add.htm)
@@ -546,7 +664,7 @@ DATA(ts_ref2) = xco_cp_time=>moment( iv_year = '2024'
iv_minute = '28'
iv_second = '59' ).
"Additions; various optional parameters available
"Additions; various optional parameters are available
"2027-03-02T11:37:54
DATA(ts18) = ts_ref1->add( iv_day = 1 iv_month = 2 iv_year = 3
)->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_8601_extended
@@ -610,7 +728,7 @@ DATA(ts_interval_high) = ts_interval->upper_bound->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### Calculating Time Stamp Differences Using the Built-In Function utclong_diff
#### Calculating Time Stamp Differences Using the Built-In Function `utclong_diff`
More information: [`utclong_diff`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenutclong_diff.htm)
@@ -628,7 +746,7 @@ DATA(ts_diff2) = utclong_diff( high = ts16
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CONVERT UTCLONG: Time Stamp (utclong) -> Local Date/Time
#### `CONVERT UTCLONG`: Time Stamp (`utclong`) -> Local Date/Time
More information: [`CONVERT UTCLONG`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapconvert_utclong.htm)
@@ -670,7 +788,7 @@ ENDTRY.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CONVERT INTO UTCLONG: Local Date/Time -> Time Stamp (utclong)
#### `CONVERT INTO UTCLONG`: Local Date/Time -> Time Stamp (`utclong`)
More information: [`CONVERT INTO UTCLONG`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapconvert_utclong.htm)
@@ -709,15 +827,16 @@ CONVERT DATE date2utcl
"the valid time stamp, the exceptions raised and the error messages
"are added to an internal table.
DATA error_checks TYPE string_table.
DATA date_test TYPE d.
DATA time_test TYPE t.
DATA frac_sec_test TYPE decfloat34.
DATA dls_test TYPE abap_bool.
DATA tz_test TYPE string.
DO 6 TIMES.
DATA date_test TYPE d.
date_test = '20240101'.
DATA time_test TYPE t.
time_test = '112458'.
DATA frac_sec_test TYPE decfloat34.
frac_sec_test = '0.768127'.
DATA dls_test TYPE abap_bool.
DATA tz_test TYPE string.
dls_test = abap_false.
tz_test = `EST`.
CASE sy-index.
@@ -747,29 +866,30 @@ DO 6 TIMES.
DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME dls_test
TIME ZONE tz_test
INTO UTCLONG DATA(utcl_inl3).
error_checks = VALUE #( BASE error_checks ( |Valid time stamp: { utcl_inl3 }| ) ).
error_checks = VALUE #( BASE error_checks ( |({ sy-index }) Valid time stamp: { utcl_inl3 }| ) ).
CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(err).
error_checks = VALUE #( BASE error_checks
( |{ replace( val = cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_object_ref( err )->absolute_name
( |({ sy-index }) Exception | &&
|{ replace( val = cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_object_ref( err )->absolute_name
sub = `\CLASS=`
with = `` ) } | &&
with = `` ) } was raised: | &&
|{ err->get_text( ) }| ) ).
ENDTRY.
ENDDO.
*Content of error_checks:
*Valid time stamp: 2024-01-01 16:24:58.7681270
*CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE The '20249999 argument cannot be interpreted as a date
*CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_TIME The '992458' argument cannot be interpreted as a time
*CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE_TIME The seconds fractions '1' must be in the range 0.0000000 to 0.9999999 (a maximum of seven decimal places).
*CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE_TIME A combination of date '20240101', time '112458', time zone 'EST', and daylight savings time = 'X' is not a valid time.
*CX_PARAMETER_INVALID_RANGE Parameter has invalid value: Parameter DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME has invalid value N.
*Content of error_checks:
*(1) Valid time stamp: 2024-01-01 16:24:58.7681270
*(2) Exception CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE was raised: The '20249999 argument cannot be interpreted as a date
*(3) Exception CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_TIME was raised: The '992458' argument cannot be interpreted as a time
*(4) Exception CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE_TIME was raised: The seconds fractions '1' must be in the range 0.0000000 to 0.9999999 (a maximum of seven decimal places).
*(5) Exception CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_DATE_TIME was raised: A combination of date '20240101', time '112458', time zone 'EST', and daylight savings time = 'X' is not a valid time.
*(6) Exception CX_PARAMETER_INVALID_RANGE was raised: Parameter has invalid value: Parameter DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME has invalid value N.
```
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CL_ABAP_UTCLONG: Utilities for Time Stamps (utclong)
#### `CL_ABAP_UTCLONG`: Utilities for Time Stamps (`utclong`)
```abap
"Check the class documentation. More methods are available.
@@ -798,11 +918,11 @@ ENDTRY.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
### Time Stamps in Packed Numbers (types timestamp, timestampl)
### Time Stamps in Packed Numbers (types `timestamp`, `timestampl`)
This section deals with time stamps in packag numbers (types `timestamp`, `timestampl`). Note that only a few ABAP statements can deal with these types. Most other statements just interpret the types as numbers.
This section deals with time stamps in packed numbers (types `timestamp`, `timestampl`). Note that only a few ABAP statements can deal with these types. Most other statements just interpret the types as numbers.
#### Retrieving the Current Time Stamp
#### `GET TIME STAMP`: Retrieving the Current Time Stamp
More information: [`GET TIME STAMP`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapget_time-stamp.htm)
@@ -825,7 +945,7 @@ GET TIME STAMP FIELD DATA(ts_inl).
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CONVERT TIME STAMP: Time Stamp (timestamp, timestampl)-> Local Date/Time
#### `CONVERT TIME STAMP`: Time Stamp in Packed Numbers -> Local Date/Time
More information: [`CONVERT TIME STAMP`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapconvert_time-stamp.htm)
@@ -884,7 +1004,7 @@ ASSERT sy-subrc = 12.
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CONVERT INTO TIME STAMP: Local Date/Time -> Time Stamp (timestamp, timestampl)
#### `CONVERT INTO TIME STAMP`: Local Date/Time -> Time Stamp in Packed Numbers
More information: [`CONVERT INTO TIME STAMP`](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abapconvert_date_time-stamp.htm)
@@ -915,7 +1035,7 @@ CONVERT DATE CONV d( '20240101' )
<p align="right"><a href="#top">⬆️ back to top</a></p>
#### CL_ABAP_TSTMP: Calculating and Converting Time Stamps in Packed Numbers
#### `CL_ABAP_TSTMP`: Calculating and Converting Time Stamps in Packed Numbers
More information: Class documentation and [here](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abencl_abap_tstmp.htm)
@@ -1047,8 +1167,9 @@ SELECT SINGLE
WHERE TimeZoneID = char`EST`
INTO @DATA(wa_typed_literal).
"Cast with a typed literal to be more exact. In the case of
"the example, the data type char(6) is expected.
"Cast with a typed literal to cover a specification true to the
"actually expected type. In the case of the example, the data type
"char(6) is expected.
SELECT SINGLE
FROM i_timezone
FIELDS *
@@ -1074,7 +1195,7 @@ SELECT SINGLE
utclong`2024-01-01T10:01:02,2` AS utc,
tims`101507` AS tims,
curr`173.95` AS curr,
"Multiple cast expressions split a time stamp into date and time parts
"Multiple cast expressions splitting a time stamp into date and time parts
CAST( CAST( div( @tmstamp, 1000000 ) AS CHAR ) AS DATS ) AS date,
CAST( substring( CAST( @tmstamp AS CHAR ), 9, 6 ) AS TIMS ) AS time,
'ABAP' AS txt "Untyped literal
@@ -1086,7 +1207,7 @@ SELECT SINGLE
### Date and Time Functions in ABAP SQL
More information: [Date Functions and Time Functions]([07_String_Processing.md#string-templates](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_sql_date_time_functions.htm))
More information: [Date Functions and Time Functions](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_sql_date_time_functions.htm)
```abap
"The following demo ABAP SQL SELECT statement selects from a
@@ -1174,7 +1295,7 @@ FIELDS
tims_to_timn( tims = tims`231256` ) AS tims_to_timn, "231256
tims_from_timn( timn = timn`155432` ) AS tims_from_timn "155432
WHERE TimeZoneID = 'EST'
WHERE TimeZoneID = char`EST`
INTO @DATA(wa).
```

6
README.md
View File

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ABAP cheat sheets[^1] ...
<br>
- Since the ABAP cheat sheets provide information in a nutshell, they do not claim to be fully comprehensive as far as the described syntax and concepts are concerned. If you need more details, you can always consult the ABAP Keyword Documentation, for example, by choosing *F1* on a keyword in your code, or by searching directly using the online or the system-internal version.
- Unless otherwise stated in the cheat sheets, the content of this repository is relevant for these ABAP language versions (with a focus on the first):
- Unless otherwise stated in the cheat sheets, the content of this repository is relevant for these ABAP language versions, with a focus on ABAP for Cloud Development:
- [ABAP for Cloud Development](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_for_sap_cloud_glosry.htm): Restricted ABAP language scope for [ABAP Cloud](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_cloud_glosry.htm) → [Online version of the documentation](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm)
- [Standard ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_abap_glosry.htm): Unrestricted ABAP language scope, for example, for [classic ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenclassic_abap_glosry.htm) → [Online version of the documentation (latest version)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap.htm)
- Check the [Known Issues](#-known-issues) and [Disclaimer](#%EF%B8%8F-disclaimer).
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ Use the standalone version of the abapGit report to import the demo examples of
<br>
## ⚡ Known Issues
- Only one user on the system can import this repository because all object names must be globally unique. Before importing the code, you should perform a system-wide search for classes named *ZCL_DEMO_ABAP**, for example. If someone has already imported the content into the system, you can simply check out that imported code.
- Only one user on the system can import this repository because all object names must be globally unique.
- Regarding possible code check warnings, e.g. for the many strings in the code, not using an `ORDER BY` clause, or messages regarding using `SELECT *`, the code deliberately avoids [pragmas](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenpragma_glosry.htm) and [pseudo comments](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenpseudo_comment_glosry.htm) in order to focus on the available ABAP syntax. See also the [Disclaimer](#%EF%B8%8F-disclaimer).
- Regarding the examples to be imported into on-premise ABAP systems, note the following: The cheat sheet documents cover ABAP syntax regardless of the ABAP release to avoid scattering information and to have the information in one place. Therefore, the lower the release, the fewer syntax options and examples are available. For example, the RAP examples in particular require at least ABAP version 7.56. The code examples in the classic ABAP branches do not necessarily reflect all (described) syntax variations and options that are available in classic ABAP and in the particular ABAP release.
- Regarding the examples to be imported into on-premise ABAP systems, note the following: In most cases, the cheat sheet documents and examples focus on ABAP for Cloud Development. Therefore, the lower the [ABAP release](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_release_glosry.htm) in your system, the fewer syntax options and examples are available. For example, the RAP examples in particular require at least ABAP version 7.56. The code examples in the classic ABAP branches do not necessarily reflect all (described) syntax variations and options that are available in classic ABAP and in the particular ABAP release. For more information, see the [ABAP Release News (Standard ABAP)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abennews.htm).
- If you encounter import problems with the XSLT/ST objects, try to manually paste the code from the 3 `...source.xml` files ([zdemo_abap_st_carrhtml](./src/zdemo_abap_st_carrhtml.xslt.source.xml), [zdemo_abap_st_strhtml](./src/zdemo_abap_st_strhtml.xslt.source.xml), [zdemo_abap_xslt_fl](./src/zdemo_abap_xslt_fl.xslt.source.xml)) into the improperly imported objects and activate all non-active objects.
<br>